Sponges of Kaneohe Bay — DE Laubenfels 
Duchassaing and Michelotti (1864: 89) 
described Pandaros angulosa, and de Lauben- 
fels (1936: 116) shows that it is a Mycale. 
This is a common West Indian species, and 
its spiculation is practically identical with 
that of the specimens which are now under 
consideration. It is, however, one of the fairly 
numerous species of Mycale that have the 
following distinctive characteristics: they are 
extremely coarse with gross chambers up- 
wards of a centimeter in diameter; the flesh 
and skeleton are largely restricted to the tra- 
beculate partitions. Upon handling a speci- 
men, there is copious production of colloidal 
slime. I have observed a head-size specimen 
literally fill a tub with its exudate within 
12 hours. Mycale angulosa itself has a pro- 
nounced tendency to assume a hollow or 
vasiform habitus. 
In a study of the sponges of Panama, de 
Laubenfels (1936: 447) reported from the 
Pacific side, at Panama City, intertidal, the 
new species cecilia. This has a spiculation 
like that of angulosa and like our Hawaiian 
Mycale, but this species is encrusting, fine- 
grained, with few or no gross cavities even 
as much as 1 mm. in diameter, and scarcely 
a bit of colloidal exudate upon handling. But 
for the spicules, one would not consider cecilia 
and angulosa to be even in the same family. 
The identification of the Mycale from 
Hawaii is complicated by the peculiar color 
situation. The Panama specimens of cecilia 
were all green, one of the few colors never 
shown by the Hawaiian specimens. Further- 
more, in July and August, 1933 (when I 
studied it in the field), it was thickly beset 
with bright red embryos about 200 g in 
diameter. These showed plainly in a speci- 
men held 2 meters away — a bright green but 
red-speckled and thus curiously conspicuous 
sponge. In contrast, the Kaneohe specimen 
above described was a mottled patchwork of 
pink and lavender. In November, 1947, it 
was loaded with yellow embryos, 600 g in 
diameter, and these did not show at all from 
25 
the surface, but were all in a layer at the base 
of the sponge and adjacent to the mangrove 
tissue upon which it was growing. May not 
such differences in size and color of embryo 
and color of adult tissue indicate specific dif- 
ference? Yet this is further complicated by 
the finding in October and also in March of 
yellow to orange colored specimens devoid 
of embryos. 
Just as a surmise, a hypothesis to be 
checked by later field observation, one may 
wonder if the young embryos are red, chang- 
ing to orange and then yellow as they en- 
large, and if perhaps the young sponge is 
yellow, then pale orange, then pink, and at 
last lavender just when reproducing. It may 
die after giving off a large number of em- 
bryos, at an age between 1 and 2 years. This 
is not groundless surmise, as it is also partially 
confirmed by some observations of mine upon 
related species at Bermuda. The green color 
found at Panama might well be due to the 
presence of algal symbionts. 
Zygomycale parishii (Bowerbank) Topsent 
Fig. 16 
This species was first collected from Kane- 
ohe Bay at Moku O Loe, on the shore of the 
harbor, north of location 6 (Fig. 2) at a 
depth of 2 meters. This specimen is deposited 
in the U. S. National Museum, Register 
Number 22735. It is one of the commonest 
species at Moku O Loe, but rare or absent 
elsewhere in Kaneohe Bay. It is extremely 
abundant as a growth on vessels that remain 
for a year or so at harbor on the lee side of 
Oahu, as revealed by study of ship bottoms 
in the dry-docks at Pearl Harbor. 
This is a somewhat ramose sponge; there 
is an amorphous basal mass from which long 
processes arise. These processes are extremely 
irregular in cross section and in long section, 
too. This is another species of many colors 
Probably the commonest is a dull reddish or 
brownish-purple. Individual specimens are 
