Sponges of Kaneohe Bay — DE LAUBENFELS 
27 
kind only, a subtylostyle with such a vague 
neck constriction that it is barely perceptible; 
therefore they often give a first impression 
of being styles. The microscleres are ex- 
tremely diversified. Only the genus A cam us 
can match this one for diversity of small spic- 
ules. There are large palmate anisochelas, 40 
to (more usually) 48 g long, and often 
grouped in rosettes, small ends together in 
the center of a spherical arrangement of thc 
larger ends. There are medium-sized palmate 
anisochelas, 18 to 20 g long. There are min- 
ute palmate isochelas only 10 g long. There 
are two sizes of sigmas — the larger, 5 g in 
diameter and from 75 to as much as 90 g in 
chord length; the smaller, 25 to 30 g in chord 
length, and only 1 or 2 g thick like most 
sigmas. There are toxas 30 g long, and, 
rarely, also raphides barely 10 to 15 g long. 
They may be more common than first ap- 
pears, but often overlooked because of their 
minute size — they are hardly as much as 1 
light-wave in diameter. 
The genus Zygomycale was established by 
Topsent (1930: 431). The genotype is here 
designated as the sponge which was first de- 
scribed as Raphiodesma parishii by Bower- 
bank (1875: 283), the name here selected 
with some misgivings for the Hawaiian 
Zygomycale. Topsent transferred three other 
species names to his new genus, but two addi- 
tional ones still require such transfer. They 
are the species first described as Esperella 
ridleyi by Lendenfeld (1888: 211) and that 
described as Esperella eras sis sima by Dendy 
(1905: 160). The original description of 
parishii by Bowerbank is utterly inadequate, 
and its use here rests entirely upon this cir- 
cumstance. Burton and Rao (1932: 328) 
state that it is their opinion that parishii and 
several others now in Zygomycale are all con- 
specific. It is probable that Bowerbank’s spe- 
cimen of parishii is in the British Museum; 
therefore it is probable that Dr. Burton ex- 
amined it. It is further probable that he 
really did find it to be conspecific with the 
others because of his treatment thereof, above 
mentioned. If so, Zygomycale is monospe- 
cific. All the records have been from the 
eastern part of the Indian Ocean, the East 
Indies, and Australia; therefore the possibility 
of conspecificity is great. Thus there may be 
a link between the East Indian fauna and 
that of Hawaii, evidenced by the occurrence 
here of Zygomycale parishii. 
Hymeniacidon chloris new species 
Fig. 17 
The holotype of this species is here desig- 
nated as spirit-preserved specimen, U. S. Na- 
tional Museum, Register Number 22738. Ir 
was collected September 11, 1947, at Moku 
O Loe, from a depth of 1 meter (location 
number 1, Fig. 2). It is fairly common at 
that one locality but has not been found any- 
where else as yet. 
This species forms masses ranging from 
the size of a hen’s egg to that of a small fist. 
Numerous tapering projections 1 to 2 cm. 
high and 6 to 14 mm. thick occur. The color 
is a medium dark green; the consistency is 
soft, somewhat spongy, but also rather fragile. 
The surface is minutely tuberculate. The 
oscules are 1 to 2 mm. in diameter, usually 
at the summit of one of the above-described 
processes, and are readily closed by the sponge 
within less than 5 minutes after removal from 
the water. The pores are even more rapidly 
closed. They are often in groups of 8 to 12, 
separated by only very thin strands; these 
groups are about 200 g in total diameter. 
The ectosome is fleshy, contractile, a true 
dermis, perhaps 15 g thick. The endosome 
is rather dense, and is packed with spicules. 
The latter are sometimes loosely organized 
into strands; more have their points toward 
Fig. 17. Hymeniacidon chloris, spicules (styles), 
from a camera lucida drawing, X 296. 
