30 
450) from the vicinity of the Panama Canal, 
especially the Pacific end. The amazing color 
situation was evident there, half of all the 
specimens being red, the remaining ones blue- 
green. In Panama I found no intermediates 
Dickinson (1943: 37) records the species 
from the Pacific coast of Mexico. This species 
and Mycale cecilia afford links between the 
Hawaiian fauna and that of the tropical 
Americas. 
Cliona vastifica Hancock 
Fig. 19 
This species was first studied in Hawaii on 
September 27, 1947, in Waialua Bay (north- 
west of Kaneohe Bay), at a depth of about 
3 meters. This specimen is deposited in the 
U. S. National Museum, Register Number 
22743. The species is common throughout 
the shallow waters of Hawaii, but is always 
inconspicuous. If one breaks up almost any 
long-submerged calcareous material, such as 
shells or dead coral, one will find this boring 
sponge. It is very common throughout 
Kaneohe Bay. 
Cliona vastifica excavates galleries in cal- 
cium carbonate. These are roughly circular 
in cross section and about 1 mm. in diameter 
Each gallery meanders rather than extends in 
a straight line, and may reach a total length 
of 5 to 10 cm. Old coral may be so riddled 
by Cliona that it crumbles as one handles it, 
but this is not common experience in Kane- 
ohe Bay, where usually a crowbar or hammer 
is required to break up the coral. The sponge 
is orange in color, and of mediocre consist- 
ency. The pores and oscules are minute, and 
are located at the small inconspicuous open- 
ings to the galleries ( 1 mm. in diameter ) . 
Obviously one can say little about ectosome 
as compared to endosome as long as the 
sponge lives thus buried. Cliona specimens 
may grow out of their burrows into plain 
view, but I have not yet found any such in 
Hawaii. The principal skeleton of Cliona 
vastifica consists of tylostyles 4 by 300 to 7 
PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. IV, January, 1950 
by 240 /x in size. Fairly numerous micro- 
spined oxeas, 4 by 85 to 5 by 75 ft, are also 
present. There are distinctive microscleres, 
heavily microspined and probably to be re- 
garded as microstrongyles, but the ends are 
cut off so sharply that they are more like little 
cylinders. Some are as small as 2 by 8 g, 
others as large as 3 by 18 g, with 10 g as 
a common length. 
o 
Fig. 19. Cliona vastifica, spicules, from a ca- 
mera lucida drawing, X 444. A, tylostyles. B, ox- 
eas. C, microacanthostrongyles. 
This species was first described by Hancock 
(1849: 342) from Great Britain. It is an 
abundant species throughout the Old World, 
but quite uncommon (although present) in 
the New World. In the Americas the boring 
sponges are nearly always Cliona celata\ this 
species is also common in the Old World, 
but from Norway, to Turkey, to Ceylon, to 
New Zealand, vastifica is a close rival to 
celata. Is vastifica perhaps a recent immi- 
grant to North America, carried by barnacles 
on ship bottoms? Did it reach Hawaii in that 
same way too? 
Tethya diploderma Schmidt 
Fig. 20 
This species is very common throughout 
the shallow waters of Hawaii, including 
Kaneohe Bay. It is represented by some spe- 
cimens collected November 22, 1947, at 
Moku O Loe, at a depth of 1 meter, in the 
long lagoon (location number 3, Fig. 2). 
These are deposited in the U. S. National 
Museum, Register Number 22751. 
This species is nearly spherical in shape 
and may become as large as a hen’s egg; more 
