Hawaiian Species of Carex — KRAUSS 
259 
lebrand 531, Haleakala, 7000', (K) ; Krauss 
346, cliffs above Holua, 7000', Sept. 3, 1948; 
Krauss 348, cliffs above Holua, 7000', Sept. 
3, 1948; Krauss 349, cliffs above Holua, 
7000', Sept. 3, 1948; Krauss 352, cliffs above 
Holua, 7000', Sept. 3, 1948; Remy 144, 
1851-55, (P); Rock 8750, Haleakala, 8000', 
Apr. 20, 1911. 
Hawaii: Degener 2218, E of Kilauea-iki, 
July 17, 1926, (NY); Degener 2217, 17 mi. 
from Kohala to Waimea, July 31, 1932, 
(NY) ; Degener 2215, between N Kona and 
Kau Desert, July 15, 1926, (NY); Degener 
2219, W of Kilauea along Kau Rd., July 21, 
1926, (NY); Degener H103, Haw. Natl 
Park, moist forest near Kilauea-iki, Dec. 21, 
1922, (NY); Degener 19262, Nenenui, 
central plateau, Sept. 17, 1948, (NY); Ewart 
326, Hanaipae, 5000', Feb. 14, 1934; Fager- 
lind & Skottsberg 6242, truck road between 
Kilauea and Mauna Loa, 6000', Feb. 2, 1948, 
(GB); Faurie 1214, shore of Hilo, May 
1909, (G); Forbes 172.H, Hanehane, Kona, 
June 15, 1911; Forbes 914.H, Flow of 1880, 
Kipuka-ahui, June 23, 1915; Forbes 9039 .H, 
Mauna Kea above Lai Niaia, June 18, 1915; 
Fosberg 10114, between Makaopuhi and Na- 
pau Craters, Kilauea, 890 m., Aug. 29, 1933; 
Hillebrand I960, Hilo, (US); Hillebrand 
532, Hilo, (K); Hinds 2, 1841, (K); Hitch- 
cock 14433, Humuula Sheep Station, 6000', 
Aug. 27, 1916, (US); Hitchcock 14477, 
Puu Waawaa, Aug. 30, 1916, (US); Hitch- 
cock 15592, Hualalai Mt. summit, Aug. 25, 
1916, (US); Hitchcock 14224, Kukaiau 
Ranch, 3600', Aug. 20, 1916, (US); Hitch- 
cock 14283, Mauna Kea, N side, 800-1000, 
Aug. 22, 1916, (US); Judd, Waikii, July 21, 
1928; Macrae, Kaaha, June 1825, (K); 
Mann & Brigham 328, summit of Hualalai, 
1867, (G); Meebold, Kipuka Puaulu, Kila- 
uea, May 1932; Neal & Hartt 666, Base of 
Puu Hulukulu, 6610', Aug. 6, 1935; Nut tall 
3, (K); Remy 145, 1851-55, (P); Rock 
8741, Kilauea Volcano, Apr. 1911; Rock 
8411, Waikii, June 1910; Rock 8742, Kila- 
uea Volcano, Apr. 1911; Rock 10042, Pule- 
hua, Jan. 1912; St. John 11333, Manuka 
Mauka, 1700', Dec. 26, 1931; St. John, 
Bean, and Hosaka 11228, (See Type); St. 
John & Cowan 22312, Halfway House, Kau 
Desert, 2900', Dec. 23, 1946; St. John 
11220, chain of craters, Napau Trail, 2750', 
Dec. 30, 193 1 ; Skottsberg 1103, between 
Kilauea and Kapapala, Sept. 18, 1922, (GB); 
Skottsberg 633, S slope of Hualalai, 1200 m., 
Sept. 23, 1922, (GB); Skottsberg 633b, 
Hualalai, 2000 m., Sept. 24, 1922, (GB); 
Skottsberg 1874, Kilauea Iki, Sept. 21, 1926; 
Skottsberg 517 , E slope of Mauna Loa, Sept. 
15, 1922; Wilkes Exped., crater W Lua Pele, 
1838-42, (US); Wilkes Exped., district of 
Waimea, 1838-42, (US); Wilkes Exped., 
Mauna Loa, 1838-42, (US); Wilkes Exped., 
Mauna Loa, above 8000' station, 1838-42, 
(US). 
SANDWICH islands: Hillebrand 2325, 
Sandwich Islands 1860-67, (US); Hille- 
brand 2327 , Sandwich Islands 1860-67, 
(US). 
Carex wahuensis Meyer var. rubiginosa is 
the only possible segregate in this species. A 
detailed tabulation, with careful measure- 
ments and repeated observations, was made 
of each specimen examined. It soon became 
apparent that the population was one of 
many different biotypes varying in stature as 
well as in floral structure. Every possible 
character was used to separate the plants into 
logical natural groups. Only two characters 
seemed usable and they were occasionally dif- 
ficult to distinguish even to the trained eye. 
One is the red-waxy color of the perigynia 
of plants from Hawaii and Maui. The other 
is the very short teeth, usually only 0.5 mm. 
in length, of the beak of the perigynia. Other 
characters believed infallible in Carex — such 
as structure and shape of the perigynia, seta- 
ceousness of the rostra, and complexity of 
inflorescence- — proved unreliable. A surpris- 
ing number of apparently teratological forms 
occurred in various collections as follows: 
