272 
masculis 0.5 mm. latis 4-5 mm. longis 2-3 
nervosis, utriculis 1-1.5 mm. latis 2-4 mm. 
longis ellipsoideis aut ovoideis aut ovatis- 
ellipsoideis, chartaceis fulvis enervosis aut 
trinervosis, breve stipitatis rostris bidentatis 
marginibus incrassatis raro setaciferis, achae- 
nis lenticularibus rugosis fulvis utriculis non 
complentibus, stylo 0.5-1 mm. longo erecti. 
Rootstocks caespitose, forming loose 
clumps 30 cm. in diameter; basal scales 7-8 
mm. wide, 1-5 cm. long, fibrillose; fertile 
culm 2-3 mm. wide, 45-75 cm. long, tri- 
angular in cross section, faces concave, erect, 
stiff, nodding only at the ends, striate, smooth; 
leaves 5-7 mm. wide, 15—75 cm. long, 6-10 
per culm, pendent, slender, seldom exceeding 
the fertile culms, V-shaped in cross section, 
revolute at the margins, tapering, scabrous at 
the ends, smooth toward the base, light green; 
sheaths 3—8 cm. long, closed by a very thin 
rapidly disappearing membrane, loose, light 
brown; inflorescence pendent to semi-erect, 
branching, 8-10 nodes, one spike to a node, 
each node and ochrea bearing peduncle en- 
closed in a leafy bract exceeding the inflores- 
cence by 1-10 cm.; spikes 3-5 mm. wide, 
3-9 cm. long, androgynous except the termi- 
nal spike which is staminate, closely set with 
fruit, pedunculate, peduncles enclosed by an 
ochrea, several sterile scales above the och- 
rea; pistillate bracts 1 mm. wide, 4 mm. long, 
lanceolate to ovate, acuminate, triple-nerved 
in the center, green to yellow, margins hya- 
line, brown to red; staminate bracts lanceo- 
late, 0.5 mm. wide, 4-5 mm. long, 2-3- 
nerved at the center; perigynia 1—1.5 mm. 
wide, 2-4 mm. long, ellipsoid, varying to 
ovoid or even obovoid-subspherical, char- 
taceous, yellow to brown, short stipitate, not 
nerved or with as many as three nerves, ros- 
trum bidentate, margins ridged, occasionally 
armed with large, caducous setae; achenes 
lenticular, rugose, not filling the perigynia, 
yellow to brown; style erect, 0.5-1 mm. 
long, splitting into two glandular stigmas at 
the apex of the rostrum. 
PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. IV, July, 1950 
A B 
Fig. 14. Perigynia of Car ex pluvia R. Krauss. 
a, Krauss 218; b, F os berg 13757; c, Krauss 415. 
Distribution: On all the islands, except 
Lanai, in Zone D 2 of Ripperton and Hosaka 
( 1942 ) , the middle forest, in very wet, shady 
places; often in the beds of streams or in the 
water. 
Type: Krauss 218, In Kaluanui Stream 
among rocks beside rapidly flowing water, 
1,950 feet, May 23, 1948. 
Specimens examined 
KAUAI: Faurie 1202, Waimea, 1000 m., 
Feb. 1910 (immature?); Hitchcock 15328, 
Kaholuamano, Mar. 3, 1901, (US); Rock 
1665, Kaholuamano, Mar. 3, 1909; Rock 
5042, Kaholuamano, Sept. 1909; Smith, 
Whitney, Neal, Kokee, 3500', May 1, 1929; 
