NOTES 
Examination of Hawaiian Marine Crustaceans for Gregarines 
During the months of February and March, 
1949, the writer had the opportunity to ex- 
amine for gregarines 149 specmens belong- 
ing to 33 species of Hawaiian marine Crus- 
tacea. The following species were examined: 
Balanus amphitrite, Balanus eburneus, Ba - 
hnus sp., Calappa hepatic a, Calliactis armil- 
latus, Crangon pacificus, Crangon ventrosus, 
Crangon paragracilis, Cyclograpsus henshawi, 
Dardanus asper, Dardanus punctulatus , Eme- 
rita pacifica, Grapsus grapsus tenuicrustatus, 
Lepas anatifera, Lissocarcinus orbicularis, Me- 
tapograpsus messor, Ocypode ceratopthalmia, 
Ocypode laevis, Pachygrapsus plicatus, Panu- 
lirus japonicus, Paraxanthias notatus, Percnon 
planissimum, Plagusia depressa tuberculata, 
Platypodia ( eydouxii ? ), Portunus sanguino- 
lentus, Scylla s err at a, Sesarma obtusifrons, 
Simocarcinus simplex, Thalamita edwardsi, 
Thalamita Integra, Thalamita picta, Trapezia 
maculata, a xanthid. 
No gregarines were found in any of the 
species examined except in the digestive tract 
of Balanus eburneus; these in all probability 
are specimens of Cephaloidophora communis 
Mavrodiadi, described elsewhere from Bala- 
nus eburnetis and from other members of the 
genus Balanus. Since B. eburneus has a very 
wide distribution over the world, the presence 
of C. communis is not surprising. It is sur- 
prising, however, not to find gregarines in any 
other of the species studied. In addition to 
the digestive cavity, the caeca, liver, gills, and 
hairs of the abdomen and of abdominal ap- 
pendages were examined. Of the other genera 
listed, gregarines have been found elsewhere, 
sometimes in a large percentage of speci- 
mens, in Emerita, Pachygrapsus, Calappa, and 
Portunus. The first two are infected on the 
Pacific coast of North America. Furthermore, 
some of the Hawaiian forms belong to genera 
very close to those carrying gregarines in 
various other parts of the world. 
A parallel situation has recently been de- 
scribed by McConnaughey (Calif. Univ., 
Pubs., Zool., 55:1-34, 1949), who found 
none of the octopi he examined in Hawaii 
positive for dicyemids, although there is prac- 
tically 100 per cent infection of octopi on 
the Pacific coast of North America. 
Although these data drawn from the dis- 
tribution of certain marine endoparasitic Pro- 
tozoa are fragmentary, one possible interpre- 
tation is the relative independence of the Ha- 
waiian invertebrate hosts from their counter- 
parts on the Pacific coast of North America. 
The author wishes to express his apprecia- 
tion to the Department of Zoology and 
Entomology of the University of Hawaii, Dr. 
Robert Hiatt, Chairman, and to Mr. Spencer 
Tinker of the Honolulu Aquarium for the 
many courtesies extended. — Gordon H. Ball, 
Department of Zoology, University of Cali- 
fornia at Los Angeles. 
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