42 
The following year, however, Prof. Cook says he is persuaded, 
after a through trial, that this substance cannot be made practicable. 
Differences in soils, end seclusion of the maggots which bore quickly 
out of reach of the insecticide, make its use uncertain, and therefore 
unsatisfactory. In 1SS8, Mr. Ilulst reported that the substance could 
not be used, for when it came in contact with the loots it always did 
them very great injury. In 1892, in response to an inquiry from Mr. 
Baruhardt, the U. S. Entomologist advised him to try the liquid. 
Although the application was made (June 15) after many of the 
ma gg° ts had changed to puparia, he reported very satisfactory 
results. 
From the above brief resume of the experiments thus far 
reported with this substance, w'e glean that the weight of evidence 
shows that it can usually be depended upon to kill the maggots. 
The only serious objections raised are that it sometimes seems not 
to work alike in all soils; also, it may injure the plants; and such 
large quantities would have to be used on radishes, onions, or turnips 
as to make it expensive and thus not practicable on these crops. 
The last objection is doubtless a valid one, unless the plants are ot 
a choice or new variety. However, we believe, as did Prof. Cook 
and Mr. Lee in 1886, that when properly applied, it will prove very 
effective against the maggots on any soils without injuring the 
plants ; of course, it will work slower somewhat on the heavier soils, 
and the dose may have to be increased slightly on such soils. 
The instrument devised by Prof. Cook in 1884, for the under- 
ground application of kerosene emulsion, apparently-could not be 
adapted for the use of the Bisulfide of Carbon. Mr. Barnard’s 
“Nether-inserter,” devised in 1883, facilitated the making of the 
hole, but not the application of the liquid. Thus no instrument 
seemed to have been devised by which the application of the liquid 
could be made practicable in cabbage or cauliflower fields. 
The case was stated to Mr. McGowen, the inventor of the famous 
McGowen Spray Nozzle. After several experiments in trying to 
simplify the French instrument, the idea was abandoned. He then 
started out on a theory of bis own, and finally devised an instru- 
ment which seems to. “fill the bill” quite completely. I11 honor of 
the inventor, we shall call it “The McGowen Injector.” In construc- 
tion, it is very simple, as the sectional drawings in fig. 17 show ; the 
description of the different parts, and how they work are given 
below. 
Desc iption 0/ the McGowen Injector . — Figure 17, B, represents 
a sectional view of the instrument, about one-seventh natural size. 
It consists of a long piston, p, its upper portion working closely in 
a small cylinder; the middle portion passing through the long 
reservoir, r\ an 1 to the lower smaller por ion which passes through 
that part of the instrument, g, which is forced into the ground, is 
