G3 
generation after generation, in stored wheat. After the time 
of harvest the moth flies out from the granaries to the wheat 
fields, and will lay its eggs upon grains of wheat in the shocks^ 
The larvae are not destroyed in the threshing, and are carried 
back to the granaries again. From these facts it is plain that 
if the granaries of a neighborhood are kept free from the 
Insect the shocks will not become infested in the fields. If an 
individual farmer, however, takes the trouble to disinfect his 
granary, his wheat shocks will be infested by moths flying from 
the barns of his neighbors, provided he does not thresh very 
soon after harvest, or before the eggs hatch and the larvae 
penetrate the individual grains. In such cases early threshing 
is very important. I realize the difficulty which frequently 
occurs in getting the thresher at the proper time, and where 
the wheat must be left in the field, the individual farmer must 
disinfect his granary every year soon after the wheat is put 
in. There is an alternative, however, and it is a most desirable 
alternative, and upon its practice depends the diminution of 
the insect in numbers, if not its practical extermination, in any 
given neighborhood. Let all of the wheat growers of a neigh- 
borhood, by concerted action, disinfect their granaries thorough- 
ly for one or two years. It is plain that if this be done all 
future damage will depend upon the importation of the insect 
in cereal products from some other locality. This is a plan 
which is eminently fitting that a body of farmers like this should 
take into earnest consideration, provided the amount of dam- 
age annually done by this pest would seem to warrant the 
trouble and expense. 
How is the disinfecting to be done? A malodorous, inflam- 
mable liquid known as bisulfide of carbon, is the agent, and 
ils application is very simple. The simplicity of the operation 
depends upon the fact that the liquid is extremely volatile. 
When exposed to the air it evaporates with great rapidity, and 
its vapor is sure death to insect life. Professor Doran, in the 
Bulletin of the Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station, above 
referred to, following earlier writers, recommends the use of 
this substance in tight bins, and when so used it is, undoubtedly, 
more effective; but there is no absolute necessity for a very 
tight receptacle, and it may be used to advantage in a reason- 
ably close room of any dimensions. The method is to pour the 
liquid into shallow vessels, like small tin pans, and set them on 
top of the grain. The vapor is heavier than air, and will sink 
down through the mass of grain and destroy all insects. The 
amount to be used varies with the space to be treated. When 
used in bins, a pound and 'a half to a ton of grain is recom- 
mended by Professor Riley. When used in a reasonably close 
room or in a nearly empty bin, one pound of the bisulphide 
should be evaporated for every one thousand feet of cubic 
space, or in a space ten by ten by ten feet, one-third of a pound 
in each of three shallow vessels for a space of these dimensions; 
for a space ten by ten by twenty feet, use two pounds in six 
vessels; for a room ten by twenty by twenty feet, use four 
pounds in twelve vessels, and so on. Make the room tight as is 
convenient. The vitality of the grain will not be injured in the 
least, nor will its edible qualities be harmed. 
One point should be always borne in mind in using bisul- 
phide of carbon, and that is its extreme inflammability; its 
vapor when confined is even explosive. No light nor fire should 
