S2 
Amount to use per acre. — Two entirely different objects 
may be had in treatment: First, to stamp out entirely and 
surely all traces of the pest upon its first appearance in a 
vineyard, or when desiring to reset, regardless of the life vines; 
second, to control the pest in such a way as to prevent its 
multiplication while continuing the culture of the vineyard. 
The first is called the extinction treatment; the second, cultural 
treatment. The method of application is the same in each case, 
but the amount of the dose differs. To secure extinction, it is 
usual to apply about 300 grams (10 ounces, nearly) per vine, 
using 150 grams in each of two applications ten or twelve days 
apart. This is said to kill ninety-nine out of every hundred 
vines. In cultural treatment the amount of the liquid to be 
used varies, according to the conditions previously described, 
from 140 to 265 pounds per acre. 
Instruments for application. — One of the principal difficul- 
ties in the first use of carbon bisulphid was to force the vapors 
to the desired depth. When first used below the surface, it was 
poured into holes formed by driving an iron bar with a maul. 
The demand for a more convenient, accurate and rapid working 
instrument was soon met by the invention of the pal-injector 
by M. Gastine. This instrument was later improved by M. 
Vermorel. and it fills the need admirably. The carbon bisulphid 
is placed in a large chamber, from which an outlet leads down 
through a series of valves, so adjusted that the amount of each 
discharge can be exactly regulated as desired, and opens near 
the tip of a pointed bar. The instrument is forced into the 
ground by the handle and the pressure of the foot upon a spur 
to a depth of about 1 foot; the central plunger is then pressed 
down and the desired amount of the liquid is discharged; the 
instrument is withdrawn, and the hole closed with the foot, or, 
as is usual in extensive work, another workman follows with a 
rammer, with which the holes are closed and the soil at the 
same time is firmly compacted. It is said that two men working 
together in this way can make between 2,000 and 3,000 injec- 
tions per day. One acre will require on the average from 
10.000 to 12,000 holes. 
Plows have been invented which facilitate considerably the 
application, but it cannot be made as deeply as with the 
injectors, on account of the interference of the roots. If such 
a plow is used, about one-fourth to one-third more of the 
carbon bisulphid will be required, on account of its nearness 
to the surface. The liquid is ejected from the machine with 
so much force that it becomes separated into fine drops, thus 
facilitating rapid evaporation. Soil is then drawn up over the 
liquid and compacted by the machine. Slight explosions occa- 
sionally are produced during application, especially in stony 
soils, by sparks caused by the steel striking against stones, 
but they are by no means serious. 
Retarding evaporation.— Mixtures of carbon bisulphid with 
other substances designed to retard evaporation have been 
made, and the pure liquid has been used by putting it up in 
gelatin capsules, which allow a slow vaporation; but as these 
methods have not given as good results as the use of the pure 
liquid they will not be discussed in detail. 
