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PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. VII, January, 1953 
Fig. 42. Crangon pugnax (Dana), "a, Front, side view, 
enlarged; b, upper view; c, part of outer maxilliped; d, 
e, larger hand, in different positions; /, smaller hand; 
g, part of leg of second pair; h, part of leg of third pair.” 
(Figures and legend from Dana; figures redrawn from 
U. S. Exploring Expedition, Folio Atlas to Vol. 13, 
1855, plate 35, figures 6a-h.) 
gin inermous.” [Translated from Latin; Dana, 
1854.] 
DISCUSSION: As far as I have been able to 
determine, this species has not been reported 
since its original description. Moreover, the 
type specimen has been lost. As no specimens 
in the collections available agreed with the de- 
scription on all characteristics, a special field 
trip was made to the type locality, Lahaina, 
Maui, to collect neotypes of this species and 
of C. diadema (Dana). Unfortunately, the con- 
ditions at Lahaina are not the same as they 
were 100 years ago when the collections were 
made by Dana; now the near-by sugar mill is 
discharging fresh water charged with large 
quantities of red mud onto the reef area, kill- 
ing most of the coral and the other life on the 
reef. It was possible to collect quite a few 
specimens in spite of the pollution, but none 
had the characteristics of C. pugnax. In a fur- 
ther attempt to obtain specimens of the spe- 
cies, the reefs 5, 10, and 30 miles away from 
Lahaina were visited; none of these reefs du- 
plicated the original conditions of the La- 
haina reef, for they were either deeper, or more 
sandy, or less well developed, etc., and no 
specimens of C. pugnax were obtained. 
However, on the basis of the original de- 
scription and figures alone, it is possible to 
separate clearly and decisively C pugnax from 
all other species of Hawaii. Table 5 gives 
the criteria for its separation from the obvi- 
ously closely related Hawaiian species of the 
subgroup Diadema. 
If this species is not extinct, and there is no 
good reason to presume it is until far more 
extensive collections are made about the Ha- 
waiian Islands, it is valid and recognizable. 
Crangon diadema (Dana) 
Frontispiece, Fig. 43 a-k 
Alpheus diadema Dana, U. S. Explor. Exped. 
13: 555, pL 25, figs. 7a-7e, 1852. 
Alpheus diadema Dana, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 
Proc. 6: 23, 1854. [Description without fig- 
ures.] 
Alpheus insignis Heller, K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 
Sitzungber. 44: 269, Taf. 2, figs. 17-18, 1861. 
neotype: a male, 22 mm. long, collected 
at Lahaina, Maui, from a head of coral (Po- 
rites) in about 4 feet of water (U. S. N. M. 
93460). 
DESCRIPTION: Rostrum short, reaching to 
middle of visible portion of first antennular 
article; rostral base broad, flattened, extending 
posteriorly between eyes; margins of rostrum 
and base anteriorly slightly concave and taper- 
ing, almost parallel in middle, posteriorly 
slightly concave and spreading; margins lat- 
erally overhanging orbitorostral groove, with 
opposing face of groove almost touching ros- 
tral portion ; carina prominent only in middle 
section; posteriorly marked by slight protu- 
berance. Orbital hoods high, rounded, ex- 
ceedingly clear, conspicuously demarked on 
all sides, anteriorly projecting as slight 
