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PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. VII, July, 1953 
her of the tibialis It differs from U. 
harnesi in a number of characters. 
The larva of U. barnesi is generally similar 
to those of U. setosa and U. tibioclada, that of 
U. fimbriata being unknown. It differs from 
both in having; a much longer siphon, index 
about 3.5 against 2.0 or less; siphonal hair 
1-S 10, llb(10-13) instead of 8b; hair 5-VIII 
8, 7b(6-8) against 4, 5b. 
Outside of the Australasian region, three 
Philippine species, U. hidlowae Dyar and Shan- 
non, 1925, U. clarae Dyar and Shannon, 1925 
(= U. delae Baisas, 1935, new synonymy) 
and U. reyi Baisas, 1935, appear to me to be 
definitely related to U. setosa, U. fimbriata, U. 
neotibialis , and U. barnesi on the basis of modi- 
fications of the foreleg of the male (where 
known), light-scaling of the head, thorax, and 
hind tarsus, and in the larva on the basis of 
the development of hair 4-C and leaf-like an- 
tennal hairs 2, 3, 4-A. As noted by King and 
Hoogstraal (1947: 592) U. clarae (as U. delaei 
and U. reyi were described from males rather 
than females. U. clarae appears to be close) 
to U. barnesi than even U. fimbriata in having 
the hind tarsus white from the apex of seg- 
ment 2 in the adult, and in the definitely 
subapical position of antennal hair 2, but dif- 
fers in lacking specialized hairs at the base of 
segment 1 of the fore tarsus of the male. 
It is surprising, in view of the occurrence 
of this species complex in the Papuan and 
Philippine subregions, that to date no related 
species have been described from interme- 
diate areas in Borneo or Indonesia. The near- 
est approach to this group found in Assam, 
Burma, and Hongkong is f/. annandalei 
Barraud, 1926, a species also reported from 
the Philippines (Baisas, 1935: 64) and pre- 
sumably present in intermediate areas. Urano- 
taenia annandalei resembles U. barnesi in hav- 
ing a modified larval antenna with leaf-like 
hairs but differs in the development of hair 
4-C in the larva and the absence of modifi- 
cations of the foreleg of the male as well as 
the coloration of the thorax and hind tarsus 
of the adult. 
The only other Australasian species (also 
occurring in the Oriental region) with modi- 
fied foreleg in the male is U. atra Theobald, 
1905. In this form the modifications are re- 
stricted to the tarsus, do not involve the apex 
of the tibia, and the hind tarsus is dark. A 
somewhat similar but less conspicuous modi- 
fication occurs in the Ethiopian U. pallido- 
cephala Theobald, 1908, a species very distinct 
in its thoracic ornamentation as well as in the 
modifications of the hind tarsus of the male. 
Biology 
U. barnesi breeds largely in dense fresh- 
water jungle swamps having a high organic 
content in the water. It prefers shade but will 
utilize open situations on occasions. On Gua- 
dalcanal it was frequently collected in small 
pools, foxholes, and road ruts, and less fre- 
quently in rock pools and side pools of small, 
densely shaded streams. 
The species most frequently associated with 
it on Guadalcanal were Bironella hollandi Tay- 
lor, 1934, Hodgesia cairnsensis Taylor, 1919, 
various species of the subgenera Culex and 
Lophoceraomyia, Uranotaenia sexaueri n. sp., U. 
civinskii n. sp., IJ. solomonis n. sp., and Ano- 
pheles Itingae Belkin and Schlosser, 1944, Ano- 
pheles solomonis Belkin, Knight and Rozeboom, 
1945, and Anopheles nataliae Belkin, 1946. 
Living larvae of U, barnesi are easily recog- 
nized from other species of Uranotaenia by 
the wide thorax and the narrow, lobed ab- 
domen which give it a characteristic slender 
appearance. The abdomen and thorax are 
usually a dark translucent brown. The short- 
ness of the siphon, the characteristic hori- 
zontal subsurface resting position, and the 
definitely elongate head make this species of 
Uranotaenia superficially very similar to the 
younger larval stages of anophelines, partic- 
ularly Bironella. The pupal stage is easily 
separated in the field from all other Urano- 
taenia except U. atra by the extremely slender 
trumpets and from the latter by the light pig- 
mentation of the middle of the trumpets as 
well as the strongly contrasting light (dorsal) 
