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PACIFIC SCIENCE, VoL VII, October, 1953 
STAGE 3: This stage has not been found, 
but examination of the preceding stage and 
that of the next indicates what specimens in 
this stage of development should look like. 
By this time, all appendages should be pres- 
ent, gills should appear on the exopod of the 
pleopods, and the telson and uropods should 
be similar to the following stage. They should 
range from 15 to 20 mm. in length. 
STAGE 4 (Fig. 2^d-f): Thoracic appendages 
all present, showing adult characteristics, ex- 
cept raptorial claw; raptorial claw still very 
long and slender, propodus much longer than 
ischium and merus combined, dactylus com- 
posed of a single long spine with no indica- 
tion of teeth along inner margin; facies of 
postlarval carapace and rostrum show through 
chitin of larval carapace; uropods greatly en- 
larged with two immovable spines on outer 
margin of exopod, definite pits for others 
show through chitin, outer spine of basal 
prolongation of uropods longer than innner; 
telson armed with two submedian, two inter- 
mediate, and two lateral spines, with 15 to 20 
denticles between submedian and intermediate 
spine; facies of postlarval telson showing 
through chitin, with characteristic shape of 
adult, being nearly as broad as long. 
Specimens of this stage measure 20 to 22.5 
mm. in length. Very few of these larvae have 
been collected in regions where the previous 
stages were most numerous. Occasionally 
they are taken in the protected inshore waters, 
but they are more often found in the offshore 
waters such as the Molokai Channel. This 
seems to indicate that these larvae seek less 
sheltered waters and return to the shallow 
inshore waters only when they lose the larval 
carapace. 
STAGE 5: There are no great changes from 
the preceding stage at this time. Slight in- 
crease in size; carapace very loosely attached 
to body; mandibular palp present, composed 
of three segments; nine or ten immovable 
spines along outer margin of exopod of 
uropod. 
STAGE 6 (Fig. 24^, b)\ This is the first 
postlarval form of P. ciliata. No larval cara- 
pace, but animals remain planktonic; eyes 
resemble adult, nearly tubular in shape, cor- 
nea following long axis of stalk; rostrum tri- 
angular; carapace distinctly adult in shape, 
with distinct gastric grooves, covering only 
anterior 0.25 of body; all appendages, except 
second thoracic appendage, resemble those 
of adult; second thoracic appendage, raptorial 
claw, with shortened propodus and dactylus 
so that they fit into grooved merus and ischium 
when flexed, dactylus still lacks teeth on inner 
Fig. 24. Larval forms of Pseudosqutlla ciliata (Fabri- 
cius). ajy. Dorsal aspect, second thoracic appendage, 
and first abdominal appendage of first postlarval stage; 
c, dorsal aspect of anterior segments of last postlarval 
