NOTES 
523 
Fig. 1. Streamlines and mean annual rainfall on NE part of Hawaii. Isohyetal lines are in inches. The arrows 
represent the hypothetical mean streamlines of the [flow of the trade winds in this part of the island, as given 
by Leopold (1949). (Scale in statute miles.) 
Fig. 2). This concentration of the precipita- 
tion elements (i.e., clouds, water vapor, and 
nuclei) in the lower air is found during most 
of the year in this area and is one of the 
major advantages of Hawaii for precipitation 
studies such as those discussed here. Measure- 
ments of water vapor, temperature, salt nuclei, 
etc., can therefore be limited to the lower 
atmosphere, and there is usually no need to 
be concerned with the higher levels. 
A further result of the presence of the trade- 
wind inversion is that the great majority of 
the clouds never ascend to heights at which 
the temperature is below freezing. Thus, most 
of the time there is no confusion as to whether 
or not the Bergeron rain-forming process may 
have occurred. It seems clear that accretional 
processes must account for practically all the 
rains in this region, and hence it is an ex- 
cellent area in which to attempt to relate the 
