280 
PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. XVII, July 1963 
Cry st alio phr is son rubrum n. sp. 
Figs. 27, 28 
COLLECTION : 
2150 (1) in 310 fm, with C. hartmani and 
C. riedli. 
DIAGNOSIS: This species is readily distin- 
guished from others by its outer purple color 
and its plump body ( Fig. 28 ) . The single speci- 
men measured 17 mm long and 2.5 mm at its 
greatest width. The front end was withdrawn 
and the exact outline of the buccal plate is 
thus not known, but it is certainly pierced by 
the mouth opening. The spines (Fig. 27) are 
large and stout and have a distinct keel; the 
abdominal needle-like spines attain a length 
of 800 n. A glandular zone in front of the 
opening of the cloacal chamber is present and 
"giant cells" are frequently encountered in the 
epidermis of the entire body. The animal is 
highly muscular; there are two pairs of dorsal, 
one pair of lateral, and one pair of ventral 
retractors of the front region, all of them very 
strong. These retractors split off from the longi- 
tudinal muscle layer which is located dorsally 
in the prothorax, dividing only into a few 
rather large bundles. The six pairs of gill-re- 
tractor muscles are typical; the anterior dorsal 
one has a double origin. The diaphragms are 
very strong, and an anterior vertical one can 
be distinguished. 
The nervous system shows three pairs of 
small compact precerebral ganglia, a small 
brain, separated from the dorsal wall of the 
fore-gut by a large sinus, and a cerebrobuccal 
connective split off the common trunk at some 
distance from the latter’s origin. The fore-gut 
is provided with strong longitudinal muscle 
fibres and with a stout sphincter, with buccal 
glands anterior to the last and with all three 
kinds of salivary glands, of which the dorsal 
ones open into an unusually large pouch of 
the fore-gut. The strong radula consists of the 
typical parts in addition to a pair of small 
pointed, curved denticles. 
The reproductive organs are typical; the 
gonoducts are simple without sacculations; 
their dorsal ciliated parts are long and slender 
tubes. The epithelium of their outlets contin- 
ues on the wall of the cloacal chamber. The 
pericardium is very large and together with 
the posterior part of the atrium surrounds the 
suprarectal ganglion. The muscular ventricle, 
connected with the atrium by two atrioventricu- 
lar openings, is attached at its front end to 
the dorsal and ventral pericardial wall. The 
dorsal vessel begins as a large bulb. 
distribution: This species is known 
through a single specimen from Redondo cafi- 
yon, in the San Pedro area, southern California, 
in 310 fm, in mud. 
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 
The author is indebted to all those who made 
these collections possible. The operations of the 
"Velero IV" were supported by funds provided 
partly by the Allan Hancock Foundation, the 
California State Water Pollution Control Board, 
and the National Science Foundation. The sort- 
ing of solenogasters was done by staff members 
of the Hancock Foundation; the anatomical 
preparations were prepared in the laboratory of 
the Department of Zoology, University of Vi- 
enna. The author is also indebted to the Aus- 
trian Department of Education and the Depart- 
ment of Zoology of the Free University of West 
Berlin. 
APPENDIX 
Additional Station Data 
Physical data are published for most of the 
station numbers listed above. Those not sep- 
arately listed below are to be found in Hart- 
man (1955) and Hartman and Barnard (1958, 
I960). The following are newly listed; all 
localities are in southern California. 
2457-53. Oct. 17, 1953. 4.0 miles SE of Point 
Fermin lighthouse, 33° 39' 19" N. lat., 118° 
14' 20" W. long. In 21.5 fm. A snapper 
sampler took a very small sample of sand. 
2884-54. July 27, 1954. 5.6 miles SW of end 
of Newport pier. 33° 31' 58" N., 118° 00' 
00" W. In 190 fm. The orange-peel-grab 
took 1.93 cu ft of gray green mud. 
