Gibsmithia hawaUensis—DoTY 
463 
strongly curved apically, as is usual in the Du- 
montiaceae. In a very few cases carpogonium- 
bearing branches that are more curved are 
found with hypogynous cells that are less highly 
differentiated in staining quality and in form. 
In these cases the hypogynous and carpogonial 
cells are more nearly similar in staining quality 
and are smaller; such (Fig. 12) are judged to 
be more nearly normal. 
Primary connecting filaments 4 were not seen, 
and no clues as to the origin of the abundant, 
presumed secondary, connecting filaments that 
connect to the auxiliary cells were found. In a 
very few cases the carpogonium as well as the 
cell beneath it were seen to have some indica- 
tion of protuberances extending toward one 
another or toward the smallest of the hypogy- 
nous cells. This could have been the effect of 
smearing the material for microscope examina- 
tion. 
The auxiliary-cell branches (Fig. 15) develop 
4 The author is attempting to apply terms to the 
post-fertilization morphological phenomena in such a 
way that they are consistent with general biological 
usage, and so that the frequent special cases and varia- 
tions from the normal do not require a special no- 
menclature. Thus, the term "zygote” is used for the 
post-fertilization carpogonium and its contents, and 
"primary connecting filament” for the connection be- 
tween the zygote and the auxiliary cell without dis- 
tinguishing whether a "carpogonial” or "generative” 
auxiliary cell is concerned. "Secondary connecting 
filament” is used to refer to any connecting filament 
("ooblast” of the older nomenclature) arising from an 
auxiliary cell. Similarly, the term "hypogynous” is 
used for any of the specialized cells of the carpogonial 
branch other than the carpogonium itself; these are 
referred to as a, b, c, etc., or the "first,” "second,” etc., 
proceeding away from the carpogonium. 
farther from the apex than the carpogonial 
branches. It may be that initiation, or at least 
maturation, of an auxiliary-cell branch system 
is dependent upon fertilization, for in 10386, 
where many nonfertilized carpogonial branches 
were found, especially of the forms illustrated 
in Figures 13 and 14, branches bearing mature 
auxiliary cells were not observed. They are 
usually in the same positions as carpogonial 
branches, or, at times, appear to have developed 
(Fig. 16) after the lateral branch system had 
grown further. 
While the complement of cells in the auxil- 
iary-cell branches is similar in number, form, 
arrangement, and appearance to the hypogynous 
cells in a carpogonial branch, there are two 
major differences: in place of the carpogonium 
there is a reduced terminal branch or row of 
vegetative cells, and there are more sterile fila- 
ments developed laterally from and near the 
base. The auxiliary cell itself is an intercalary 
cell, and, contrary to the condition illustrated 
in Figures 15 and 16, is usually the cell there 
labeled as b. 
The presumed secondary, connecting fila- 
ments ( cn in Fig. 16) were seen fused with 
the auxiliary cells (c in Fig. 16). The tissue 
of the weltlike sori (Fig. 2) in which cysto- 
carps develop is the toughest of all parts of 
the branch surface and this toughness seems to 
be related to the great abundance of sterile 
branches appearing in the fertile system, as well 
as to numerous, presumed secondary, connect- 
ing filaments. In addition, multicellular rhizoi- 
dal branches from the bases of the branch 
filaments (rh in Figs. 15, 16, and possibly A 
This particular auxiliary-cell branch would seem to be peculiar, for usually one of the two cells labeled b 
and c is about half the size of the cells labeled a and d, which are similar in size. The other cell, c or b, is 
usually distinctly the largest of the four. A rhizoidal branch, rh, arises from the single vegetative cell, l, con- 
necting this auxiliary-cell branch system to the medullary system. (Collection No. 19263.) 16, A lateral branch 
system arising as one of a pair, B and C, from a single medullary cell, med, and producing vegetative filaments, 
fil, and rhizoidal filaments, rh, in a normal manner, and showing (at c) a fertilized auxiliary cell. Two other 
types of filaments are illustrated here: what may be labeled as an accessory rhizoid, arh, of multicellular 
nature arising near a fertilized auxiliary cell and, ac, an accessory connecting filament. The auxiliary cell, c, is 
shown with a connecting filament, cn, associated. The actual relationships of cells, c, cn, and ac, to one another 
were not entirely clear at the highest magnifications. (Collection No. 19263.) 17, A young gonimoblast 
showing the apparent carposporogenic cells heavily stippled. Cell 1, seemed to correspond to cells B and C in 
Figure 16. Cell d bore three vegetative branches in addition to the auxiliary-cell branch. No connecting fila- 
ment could be distinguished. Seemingly, the auxiliary cell, b, had produced the gonimoblast to the left at the 
tip of the expansion, p, from but one gonimoblast initial. The six cells to the right seemed unattached and 
were interpreted as having been broken free from the mass at the left. (Collection No. 19263.) 
