INTRODUCTION 
lxiii 
leaves of the Dandelion and Prim- 
rose. 
Radicle. — The first root of a plant 
growing from a seed. 
Receptacle. — The top of the axis bearing 
the parts of the flower, as in the 
Buttercup ; or bearing the flowers, 
as in the Composite and in Ficus. 
Recurved. — Curled or turned backwards, 
as the perianth-segments of Lilium 
polyphyllum , see frontispiece. 
Regular. — When all the parts of each 
series of organs in a flower are alike, 
as the sepals and petals of the Butter- 
cup. 
Reniform. — -Kidney- shaped in outline or 
form. 
Repens. — Creeping. 
Rhachis. — Used to designate the axis of 
a fern-frond, the principal axis of a 
compound leaf or of an inflorescence. 
The diminutive rhachilla is more 
especially used as the name of the 
axis of the flower-spikelet in Grasses. 
Rhizome. — A creeping, usually under- 
ground stem, producing erect stems 
at intervals. 
Riparius. — Growing on the banks of 
streams and lakes. 
Rotate. — In the form of a wheel, as the 
corolla of Androsace. 
Ruber. — Red. 
Ruderalis. — Growing in waste places. 
Rugosus. — Wrinkled. 
Rupestris. — Growing on rocks. 
Sabulosus. — Growing in gravelly or sandy 
places. 
Sagittate. — Shaped in the form of an 
arrow-head. 
Salver-shaped . — Applied to the corolla, as 
in Syringa, p. 308, and many species, 
of Primula , p. 298. 
Sarmentose. — Climbing by means of long, 
flexible branches and resting on other 
shrubs rather than attaching them- 
selves, as the Blackberry and many 
Roses. 
Saxatilis. — Growing on rocks or stones. 
Scabrous . — Furnished with rigid, prickly 
hairs or bristles. 
Scandens . — Climbing. 
Scape. — A flower-stalk or stem, usually 
leafless, springing direct from the root 
or root-stock, as in Ophiopogon, 
p. 513, and Friocaulon, p. 550. 
Scarious. — Thin, dry and membranous, 
as the glumes of most Grasses. 
Seed-vessel. — Fruit, whether edible or 
otherwise. 
Semi, denotes half or partial. 
Sempervirens. — Evergreen. 
Septum. — A partition in an ovary or 
fruit. 
Sericeus . — Silky. 
Serotinus . — Late. 
Serrate. — Saw-toothed, as the edges of 
the leaves of Pilea umbrosa, p. 464. 
Sessile. — Stalkless. 
Setaceus. — Bristly. 
Sheathing . — Enveloping some other part, 
as the base of the leaves of Grasses 
and the stipules of Polygonum, p. 424. 
Simple. — Applied to leaves and other 
organs in contradistinction to com- 
pound. For example a leaf is simple 
when the division does not extend to 
the midrib. 
Sinus. — A recess of a lobed organ. 
Spadix. — A spicate inflorescence enclosed 
in a leafy bract or spathe, as in 
Ariscema, p. 541. 
Spathe. — A leafy bract enclosing the 
inflorescence as in Ariscema , p. 541. 
Spathulate. — Oblong and tapering 
downwards into a stalk, as the leaf 
of the Daisy. 
Spike. — An inflorescence having the 
flowers sessile on a common axis, 
which may be simple or branched. 
Plantago , p. 408. 
Spine. — A sharp, woody outgrowth having 
its seat below the skin or epidermis, 
as in Flacourtia, p. 41. 
Spurred . — Having a hollow, tubular 
projection, as the upper sepal of 
Delphinium, p. 12, the upper petal 
of Corydalis, p. 26, the corolla of 
Halenia, p. 328, the labellum of 
Habenaria, p. 502, and the anthers of 
Pieris, p. 294. The last are more cor- 
rectly described as aristate. 
Squamatus. — Clothed with scales, as the 
leaves of Elceagnus, p. 436. 
Stamen. — The organ in a flower which 
produces the pollen or male element. 
It usually consists of filament and 
anther. 
Staminode . — A rudimentary organ in a 
series next to the stamens. 
Standard. — The name given to the upper 
petal of the flowers of the Papilionacese, 
Flemingia, p. 145, and Impatiens, 
p. 74. 
Stellate. — Radiating, as hairs and other 
organs. 
Stigma. — The viscous part of a style 
which receives the pollen, which then 
grows down into the ovary and fer- 
tilises the ovules. 
Stipitate. — Stalked, as applied to ovaries, 
carpels and pods. Bcenninghausenia, 
p. 77. 
Stipules. — Bract-like appendages at the 
base of the leaf-stalks of many plants. 
They are toothed or pinnatifid in the 
Violet, spine -like in Zizijphus, p. 89, 
in many species of Astragalus, p. 126, 
and in the False Acacia Robinia, and 
leaf-like in Lathyrus Aphaca. 
Stolon. — An offset or runner producing 
roots at intervals and forming inde- 
pendent plants, as in Viola, p. 40. 
Strictus . — Of narrow, stiff, erect habit of 
growth. 
Style . — The usually slender termination 
