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INTRODUCTION 
Filiform . — Slender, thread-like. 
Fimbriate. — Fringed on the margin, as 
the labellum of Habenaria inter- 
media , p. 502. 
Flavus.- — Pale yellow. 
Floret . — Often applied to the individual 
flowers of the Compositae and other 
plants, of which the inflorescence is 
popularly termed a flower. 
Folium. — A leaf. 
Follicle. — A several- seeded carpel de- 
hiscing along the inner or ventral 
suture, as in Delphinium denuda- 
tum, p. 12. 
Free. — Not joined together or with 
other organs, as all the parts of the 
flower of a Buttercup. 
Frond. — Applied to the leaves of ferns 
and some other groups of plants. 
Fruit. — The seed-vessel of any plant, 
whether edible or otherwise. 
Fugacious.— Falling very early, as the 
sepals of Poppies. 
Fulvus. — Dull yellow. 
Fuscus. — Brown. 
Gamopetalous. — Petals united and form- 
ing a corolla which falls away as a 
whole, as in the Labiatee. 
Genus. — See under the heading ‘ Classi- 
fication,’ p. lv. 
Glabrous. — Having no hairs ; smooth. 
Glandular. — Furnished with glands or 
secretory organs, as the leaves of 
Drosera, p. 187. The variously formed 
and situated honey-secreting organs 
of flowers are termed glands. 
Glaucous. — Of the peculiar pale blue- 
green seen in the leaves of the com- 
mon Pea. 
Glume. — The bracts enclosing the 
flowers of the Gramineae and Cyper- 
ace®. 
Graveolens. — Of a strong odour. 
Gy?nnos, signifies naked in compounds. 
Habit. — The general aspect of a plant) 
due to its mode of growth, stature, 
branching, foliage and other charac- 
teristics. 
Helmet- shaped. — As the upper sepal of 
Aconitum heterophyllum , p. 14. 
Herbaceous. — Applied to all green parts 
that are not woody, and to stems 
that flower and their die. 
Hermaphrodite. — Having both sexes, 
stamens and pistil, in the same 
flower. 
Heterogamous . — Flower-heads are hete- 
rogamous when they contain more 
than one kind of flower, as male and 
female, or neuter and hermaphrodite, 
as in some Composites. 
Hirsutus. — Clothed with rather long, soft 
hairs. 
Hispidus. — Clothed with rather long, 
stiff hairs. 
Homogamous . — Flower -heads are homo- 
ganrous when all the flowers are 
alike, that is, male, female or her- 
maphrodite, as in some Compositae. 
Humilis . — Dwarf, used in comparison. 
Hypo , used in compounds to denote 
below, under ; as hypogynous petals 
and stamens below the ovary in 
Anemone , p. 5. 
Imbricate . — Used more especially to 
denote that sepals or petals overlap 
each other in bud instead of their 
edges just meeting. 
Incumbent.— Applied to the embryo, 
especially of the Cruciferee, when 
the radicle is turned against the 
ba ck of one of the cotyledons ; thus, o || . 
See Sisymbrium strictum, p. 34. 
Inferior. — This term is employed to 
designate the relative positions of the 
different parts of a flower, but more 
especially it means, with regard to 
the ovary, that the calyx is adherent 
to it, so that the ovary is situated 
below the flower proper, as in Epi- 
lobium, p. 195, Aralia, p. 217, and 
Viburnum , p. 221. 
Inflorescence. — The arrangement of the 
flowers when they are not solitary in 
the axils of the leaves, as the raceme 
in Sisymbrium , p. 34, the panicle 
in Meliosma, p. 102, the umbel in 
Heracleum , p. 215, and the catkin 
in Salix, p. 479. Spikes, racemes, 
corymbs, etc., may be simple (un- 
branched) or paniculate (branched). 
Involucel. — A secondary involucre en- 
closing the separate flowers, as in 
the Dipsaceae ; see Morina, p. 239. 
Involucre.— The name given to one or 
more series of bracts surrounding a 
head of flowers, as in all the Compo- 
sitae. In Gornus capitata, p. 219, the 
involucre is the conspicuous part of 
the inflorescence. 
Irregular. — Sepals or petals unequal in 
size or different in shape in the same 
flower, as in Aconitum , p. 14. 
Keel. — The two lower more or less com- 
bined petals of the flowers of the 
Papilionaceae constitute the keel or 
carina. An organ is keeled when it 
has a ridge like the keel of a boat, as 
the carpels of Delphinium , p. 12. 
Labellum. — See Lip. 
Labiate. — Lipped, as the corolla of most 
of the Labiatae, Yerbenaceae, Acan- 
thaceae and Scrophulariaceae. 
Laciniate. — Irregularly cut or divided. 
Lacustris. — Growing in lakes. 
Lanceolate. — Of leaves, etc., nearly ovate 
but tapering to both ends and broadest 
