lviii 
INTRODUCTION 
Aristaius— Armed or bearing bristles, 
as the glumes of Grasses and the 
anthers of Pieris. 
Arvensis. — Growing in cultivated 
ground. 
Auriculatus.— Having ear-like appen- 
dages or lobes, as the leaves of Meri- 
andra, p. 393. 
Awn. — A stiff or flexible bristle. 
Axil. — The angle formed by a branch 
with the attached leaf, or by any axis 
with the attached organ. 
Axillary. — Produced in the axils of the 
leaves or other organs. 
Axis. — The root, stem and branches 
which bear leaves, the parts of the 
flower, etc. 
Azureus, — Sky-blue. 
Baccate. — Having a more or less fleshy 
fruit. 
Barbatus. — Bearded. 
Berry. — Botanically a berry is an in- 
de riscent fruit, fleshy or pulpy through- 
out with immersed seeds, as in the 
Grape and Gooseberry. 
Bi , in compounds, signifies twice or 
two. Bilabiate, two-lipped, as the 
corolla of Salvia, Dicliptera and 
Justicia, and most of the Acanthaceae, 
Labiate and allied natural orders. 
Bifid, as the petals of Stellaria, p. 51. 
Blade. — The lamina or flat part of a 
leaf. 
Bracts. — The more or less leaf-like or 
scale-like organs on the inflorescence 
and immediately beneath the flowers. 
They constitute the involucre in the 
Composite, etc. In Flemingia ,p. 145, 
they completely enclose the flowers. 
Bracteole. — The bracts immediately 
beneath or next to the flower. 
Bulb. — A stock consisting of an axis and 
leaf -formations with buds in their axils, 
as in the Onion and Hyacinth. 
Bulb, Naked. — Having loose scales like 
the Lily. 
Bulb, Solid. — See Corm. 
Bulb, Tunicated. — Having the outer 
scales membranous, as the Tulip. 
Bullatus— Blistered in appearance. 
Ccesius. — Ash-grey. 
Calcaratus. — Spurred, as the petals of 
Aquilegia , and the corolla of Halenia, 
p. 328. 
Calyx. — The outer floral envelope, where 
there are two dissimilar envelopes, as 
in the Buttercup and Primrose ; the 
sepals composing it are free in the 
former and combined in the latter. 
Campestris. — Growing in fields or open 
country. 
Candidus. — Pure white. 
Canescens. — Becoming grey or hoary. 
Capitate. — Terminating in a knob, as 
the pistil of many plants ; clustered 
in heads, as the flowers of the Com- 
posite and Frimula denticulata, 
p. 298. 
Capitulum. — A dense head of flowers. 
Capsule. — A. dry, dehiscent seed-vessel. 
C arneus . — Flesh - colour . 
Carpel. — One of the component parts of 
a fruit or seed-vessel. A sec d-vessel 
consists of one or more carpels. They 
are separate, as in the Buttercup, or 
combined, as in the Flax. The pod of 
the Leguminosse consists of a single 
carpel, p. 132. 
Caryopsis. — The grain of Grasses. 
Catkin.— A deciduous spike of flowers, 
as in the Willow, p. 479, and Poplar. 
Cernuus. — Drooping, pendent. 
Character. — The features by which 
species, genera and orders are dis- 
tinguished from each other are termed 
their characters. 
Ciliate. — Having marginal hairs ; 
minutely fringed. 
Claw. — The stalk of a petal, etc., as in 
many Cruciferae and Caryophyllaceae, 
Gypsophila cerastoides, p. 46. 
Cleistogamic.— Fertilisation in closed 
flowers. Many plants, besides their 
ordinary flowers, produce others which 
never expand, yet they yield good seed, 
as the Violet. 
Coccineus. — Scarlet. 
Cceruleus. — Pale blue. 
Coherent. — Employed to denote union of 
parts of the same whorl, as the stamens 
of the Papilionacese and the petals of 
the Gamopetalse. 
Column. — The name given to the com- 
bined style and stamen or stamens 
in Orchids, and the combined stamens 
in Malva, p. 58. 
. Comose. — Bearing a tuft of hairs, as the 
seeds of Bpilobium, p. 195, and 
Trachelospermum, p. 312. In 
Amphicome, p. 368, the seeds are 
comose at both ends. It is not usual 
to describe the pappose achenes of the 
Composite as comose 
Compound. — Of several parts, as a pin- 
nate leaf, Cassia, p. 148; as a bipinnate 
leaf, Albizzia, p. 154. 
Cone. — The name given to the compound 
fruit of Pinus, and of other genera of 
the Coniferse, pp. 485-488. Also 
applied to other frutescences and to 
male inflorescences of similar shape. 
Connate. — Parts of the same whorl com- 
bined, as the petals of the Primrose 
and the stamens of the Mallow. 
Cordata. — Heart-shaped ; cordate , as the 
leaves of Marsdenia, p. 318. 
Coriaceous. — Leathery in texture, as the 
leaves of the common Laurel. 
Corm. — A fleshy, underground, bulb-like 
stock, as in Crocus. 
Cornutus. — Horned. Used in very 
much the same sense as calcaratus, 
