XII. CARYOPHYLLACEiE 
45 
breaks up irregularly. Seeds small, usually many, rarely only 
1 or 2, attached to a central column. — Cosmopolitan, but most 
abundant in the temperate and cold regions of the N. Hemisphere. 
— -Name from Caryophyllus aromaticus, a tree whose dried flower- 
buds are cloves ; referring to the scent of the cultivated ‘ Clove 
pink,’ Dianthus caryophyllus. 
Sepals united in a 5-toothed calyx 
Calyx clasped at the base by imbricate bracts 
Calyx without basal bracts. 
Styles 2. 
Calyx bell-shaped. Petals nearly white, notched 
Calyx cylindric. Petals pink, margins jagged . 
Styles 3. 
Calyx cylindric, or ovoid and inflated. Fruit a mem- 
branous capsule 
Calyx bell-shaped. Fruit fleshy, berry-like 
Styles 5. Petals fringed ....... 
1. Dianthus. 
2. Gypsophila. 
3. Saponaria. 
4. Silene. 
5. Gucubalus. 
6. Lychnis. 
Sepals free 
Leaves opposite ; stipules none. 
Petals 2-lobed. 
Petals shortly lobed. (See also Stellaria bulbosa) 
Petals deeply lobed (except S. bulbosa) 
Petals entire, sometimes none. 
Leaves flat, bases not united .... 
Leaves terete, bases united in a scarious sheath . 
Leaves in opposite clusters ; stipules small, scarious. 
Sepals green, obtuse. Styles 5 
Sepals shining white, acute. Style 1 
7. Cerastium. 
8. Stellaria. 
9. Arenaria. 
10. Sagina. 
11. Spergula. 
12. Polycarpcea. 
1. DIANTHUS. From the Greek dios, divine, and anthos, a 
flower ; the flower of the gods. — N. temperate regions. 
* Dianthus angulatus, Boyle ; FI. Br. Ind. i. 215. A perennial, 
glabrous herb. Stems stiff, slender, 6-12 in., nearly erect. Leaves 
linear, acute, radical 3-6 in., upper in. Flowers solitary, 
terminal. Calyx tubular, J-f in., clasped at the base by about 4 
imbricate, pointed bracts. Petals 5, pink, clawed, limb fringed. 
Stamens 10. Ovary stalked ; styles 2. Capsule opening at the 
top by 4 teeth. 
Kunawar, 7000-13,000 ft. ; June. — W. Himalaya. 
A plant of the inner dry ranges. 
2. GYPSOPHILA. From the Greek gypsos, chalk, and philo, 
I love, referring to the habitat of some species. — Northern Asia, 
Europe. wCG [/ ■ VL , v-W - 
Gypsophila cerastioides, D. Don ; FI. Br. Ind. i. 217. A perennial, 
pubescent herb. Stems several, 4-8 in., slender, spreading. 
Leaves obovate or spathulate, J-l^ in., lower ones stalked, upper 
