XXXI. ROSACEiE 
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limb divided into 5, rarely 4, usually equal lobes, in some genera 
alternating with a similar number of bracteoles. Petals 5, rarely 
4, equal. Stamens usually numerous, inserted with the petals 
around the mouth of the calyx-tube, filaments free, anthers 2- 
celled. Carpels several or numerous, rarely only one, superior 
or inferior, distinct or combined into a several-celled ovary ; 
ovules 1 or 2 in each ovary or cell, rarely more (Spircea). Styles 
as many as the carpels or cells, usually simple and free ; stigmas 
terminal. Fruit various, the ovaries either remaining free or 
becoming combined with each other or with the calyx ; seeds 
small, 1 or 2 in each ovary or cell, rarely more. — A very large 
Order spread over nearly the whole globe, but most abundant in 
N. temperate regions. 
• See remarks on p. 9 regarding the resemblance of the flowers of Bubus y 
Potentilla, Fragaria and Geum to those of Ranunculus. 
A. Carpel or carpels superior. Fruit not enclosed in the calyx-tube. 
Calyx without bracteoles. 
Carpel only one. 
Unarmed trees. Calyx falling early .... 1. Prunus. 
Spring shrubs. Calyx persistent in fruit ... 2. Prinsepia. 
Carpels more than one. 
Unarmed shrubs. Carpels on the base of the calyx. 
Fruit of 3-5 small follicles . . . . .3. Spircea. 
Prickly shrubs. Carpels on a conical or oblong recep- 
tacle. Fruit of numerous, small, succulent drupelets 4. Rubus. 
Calyx with 5 bracteoles alternate with its lobes. 
Fruit dry, consisting of a head of numerous, small achenes. 
Achenes hairy. Style terminal, long . . . .5. Geum. 
Achenes glabrous (except P. fruticosa). Style lateral, 
very short 7. Potentilla. 
Fruit succulent, consisting of the enlarged receptacle 
bearing the minute, glabrous achenes . . . .6. Fragaria. 
B. Carpels superior or inferior, 
enclosed within it. 
Fruit adnate to the calyx-tube or wholly 
Herbs. Flowers yellow. Calyx with a ring of small, hooked 
bristles outside the mouth ....... 8. Agrimonia. 
Trees or shrubs. Flowers white or pink. 
Carpels free from the calyx-tube, but wholly enclosed 
within it 9. Rosa. 
Carpels adnate to the calyx-tube. 
Fruit fleshy, with 2-5 parchment -like cells in the 
centre, each containing 1 or 2 seeds . . .10. Pyrus. 
Fruit drupe-like, enclosing 2-5 bony, 1-seeded nutlets. 
Spinous shrubs. Leaves crenate. Nutlets 5 . .11. Gratcegus. 
Unarmed shrubs. Leaves entire. Nutlets usually 2 12. Cotoneaster. 
1. PRUNUS. 
perate regions. 
The classical name of the Plum tree. — N. tem- 
Unarmed, glabrous trees. Leaves simple, toothed, usually 
provided with a pair of glands at the base. Flowers white or 
pink. Calyx without bracteoles, free, falling off early ; tube bell- 
shaped, limb 5-lobed. Petals 5. Stamens numerous. Carpel 
