XCI. URTICACE^E 
455 
Leaves opposite. 
Plants with stinging hairs 
Plants without stinging hairs. 
Flowers on a saucerlike receptacle 
Flowers panicled 
Flowers in axillary clusters 
7. Urtica. 
10. Lecanthus. 
9. Pilea. 
13. Pouzolzia. 1 
1. ULMTJS. The classical name of the Elm-tree. — N. temper- 
ate regions, including Britain (Wych-Elm, U. montana). 
TJlmus Wallichiana, Planch. ; FI. Br. Ind. v. 480. A tree, 
often 80-90 ft. high. Leaves alternate, shortly stalked, ovate, 
4-8 in., long-pointed, base unequal, cordate or tapering, margins 
sharply, often doubly toothed. Flowers red-brown, appearing 
before the leaves, 2-sexual, clustered in racemes about 1 in. long. 
Perianth persistent ; lobes 5-6, obtuse, fringed. Stamens 5-6, 
longer than the perianth, inserted on the tube, anthers purple. 
Ovary 2-celled ; style-arms 2, long, slender. Fruit a winged nut 
or samara, ^-§ in. diam., stalk very slender, wings rounded, mem- 
branous ; nut central, containing a single seed. 
Narkunda, in forest ; common ; March, April. — W. Himalaya, 4000-10,000 ft. 
The wood is used for making furniture. 
2. CELTIS. From the Greek celtis, a whip ; referring to the 
use of the wood for whip handles. — Temperate and tropical 
regions, chiefly in the Northern Hemisphere. 
Celtis australis, Linn.) FI. Br. Ind. v. 482. A tree. Leaves 
alternate, shortly stalked, nearly glabrous, ovate, 3-5 in., long- 
pointed, sharply toothed, base very unequal. Flowers pale yellow, 
appearing before or with the leaves, polygamous ; the male in 
clusters or short racemes towards the base of the shoots ; the 
female and 2-sexual in the axils of the upper leaves. Perianth 
soon falling off, 4-5-parted ; segments obtuse. Male flowers : 
stamens 4-5, surrounding a woolly disk. Female : ovary ovoid, 
seated on a hairy disk ; style-arms 2, broad, sessile, spreading. 
Fruit a long-stalked, ovoid, usually solitary drupe, about ^ in. long, 
more or less woolly at the base or sometimes all over ; stone 
wrinkled. 
Simla, Boileaugunge ; April, May. —Temperate Himalaya, 4000-8000 ft. — 
Westward to Spain. 
Often planted near villages ; commonly lopped for fodder. 
The variety with a woolly drupe, G. eriocarpa, has been collected at Barmu, 
north of Simla. 
3. TREMA. From the Greek trema, a hole ; the nut is minutely 
pitted. — Tropical and subtropical regions. 
1 The uppermost floral leaves in P. pcntandra are alternate ; P. viminea 
is a shrub. 
