456 
XCI. URTICACE2E 
*Trema politoria, Planch . ; FI. Br. Ind. v. 484. A small tree ; 
branchlets roughly hairy. Leaves alternate, shortly stalked, hard 
and very rough, oblong- or ovate- lanceolate, 2-5 in., often long- 
pointed, base rounded, nearly equal ; teeth small, sharp, regular. 
Flowers 1-sexual, in small, axillary cymes, the male and female 
on the same tree. Male flowers : perianth 5-parfced ; stamens 5. 
Female flowers : perianth 5-parted, persistent ; ovary globose ; 
styles 2, short, linear. Fruit a small, globose drupe seated on the 
perianth and crowned by the styles. 
Valleys of the outer Himalaya, on roadsides in hedges and on waste 
ground ; April-June. — Throughout N. India, up to 3000 ft. 
The leaves are as hard as sandpaper, and are used to polish wood and horn. 
Rough ropes are made from the fibre. 
4. CANNABIS. The classical name of the Hemp. The 
genus contains only one species. — N.W. Himalaya, Central Asia ; 
cultivated and naturalised elsewhere. 
Cannabis sativa, Linn. ; FI. Br. Ind. v. 487. An erect herb ; 
stems grooved, finely tomentose, 3-10 ft. or taller in cultivation ; 
branches few, slender. Leaves stalked, palmate, alternate or the 
lower opposite ; lobes 1-5 in the upper leaves, 5-11 in the lower, 
linear-lanceolate, 2-8 in., the middle one longest, coarsely and 
sharply toothed, long-pointed, narrowed to the base, upper surface 
dark green, rough, lower pale downy. Flowers pale yellow-green, 
1-sexual, the male and female on separate and dissimilar plants. 
Male flowers clustered in short, axillary, drooping panicles : peri- 
anth 5-parted, segments boat-shaped ; stamens 5, filaments long, 
threadlike. Female flowers axillary, sessile, erect : perianth a 
single entire leaf enclosing the ovary ; style-arms 2, threadlike, 
protruding. Fruit an achene, about T l 2 in., enclosed in the per- 
sistent perianth. 
Simla, common, especially near houses ; July, August. 
The intoxicating drugs gdnjd and charas are prepared from a resinous 
exudation of the stem, young leaves and flowers. Bhang consists of the larger 
leaves dried and mixed with a few achenes. The fibrous stems furnish hemp. 
The seeds are used as food for cage-birds. 
5. MORUS. The classical name of the Mulberry.— Tropical 
and temperate regions. 
Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, stalked, ovate, often lobed, 
toothed, base 3-nerved. Flowers 1-sexual, in shortly stalked 
spikes, male and female on the same or on different trees. Male 
flower-spikes 1-2 in., falling off after flowering : perianth 4- 
parted ; stamens 4, filaments flattened at the base. Female 
flower-spikes about \ in. : perianth-segments 4 or 3, rarely 2, 
enclosing the ovary and becoming succulent in fruit ; style-arms 2. 
Fruit a short, globose, fleshy spike resulting from the union of the 
numerous perianths, each enclosing a small achene. 
