XCIY. CUPULIFERZE 
473 
Trees. Leaves stalked, glabrous, ovate, 4-6 in. Male catkins 
drooping, in terminal panicles or racemes : flowers 3 to a bract ; 
bracts closely imbricate in bud, opening in flower, with usually 
4 adnate bracteoles to each bract ; perianth sessile, 4-parted ; 
stamens 4, filaments very short, anther-cells distinct. Female 
cones short, erect : flowers minute, 2 to each bract ; perianth 
none ; ovary 2-celled ; styles 2, red, diverging, ovules 1 in each 
cell. Fruiting cones woody, remaining long on the trees ; bracts 
woody, persistent ; nutlets flattened, narrowly winged. 
Leaves with 14-18 pairs of lateral nerves. Wings of nutlet 
thin, membranous . . . . . . . . 1. A. nepalensis. 
Leaves with 8-12 pairs of lateral nerves. Wings of nutlet 
thick, leathery . . 2. A. nitida. 
1. Alnus nepalensis, Don ; FI. Br. Ind. v. 600. Branchlets 
glabrous. Leaves shortly pointed, entire or obscurely toothed ; 
lateral nerves 14-18 pairs. Male catkins, 4-10 in., numerous, 
panicled. Female cones £ in. Fruiting cones J-l in., numerous, 
in erect panicles ; wings of nutlet thin, membranous. 
Simla, the Glen &c., 8000-9000 ft. ; October-December. —Temperate Hima- 
laya and Khasia. — Burmah, China. 
2. Alnus nitida, Endl. ; FI. Br. Ind. v. 600. Branchlets pu- 
bescent. Leaves long-pointed, more or less distinctly toothed ; 
lateral nerves 8-12 pairs. Male catkins 2-4 in., rarely more than 
6, in erect, sometimes leafy racemes. Female cones in. 
Fruiting cones |-1^ in., solitary or 2-5 in short, erect racemes ; 
wings of nutlet thick, leathery. 
Giri valley, Synj ; September, October. — W. Temperate Himalaya. 
3. QUERCUS. The Latin name of the Oak.— Chiefly temperate 
regions of the N. Hemisphere, extending to the mountains of the 
tropics, except in Africa. 
Trees. Male catkins 2-4 in., drooping, usually clustered : 
perianth bell-shaped, more or less 4-6-lobed ; stamens 3-16, fila- 
ments free, anther-cells contiguous. Female catkins short, erect, 
few-flowered, each flower enclosed by an involucre of scales : 
perianth tubular, the lower part adnate to the ovary, limb minute ; 
ovary commonly 3-celled, occasionally 4-5-celled ; styles of the 
same number as cells, linear, recurved, protruding ; ovules 2 in 
each cell, all but one usually abortive. Fruit an acorn or nut, 
more or less enclosed by the enlarged and hardened, involutral 
scales. 
Scales of acorn-cup imbricate. 
Leaves brown-tomentose on the lower surface 
Leaves glabrous 
Leaves white-tomentose on the lower surface 
Scales of acorn- cup united in rings 
1. Q. semecarpifolia 
2. Q. dilatata. 
8. Q. incana. 
4. Q. glauca. 
