XCIV. CUPULIFERiE 
477 
Female spikes short, appearing with the leaves, at first nearly erect, 
afterwards drooping : flowers in pairs, in the axils of deciduous, 
linear-lanceolate bracts, each flower within a narrow, unequal- 
sided, inner bract, the broad side toothed, the narrow entire, base 
2-lobed ; the 2 inner bracts sessile on a common stalk ; perianth 
tubular, the lower part adnate to the ovary, limb toothed ; ovary 
2-celled, 1 ovule in each cell ; styles 2, long, linear, erect. Fruiting 
spike 2-3 in. ; bracts leaf-like, about 1 in., each enclosing at its 
base a small, globose, ribbed nut crowned by the minute perianth- 
lobes. 
Sipi, below Mushobra on the banks of a stream ; February- April ; the fruit 
ripens June-September. — Temperate Himalaya, Khasia and Martaban Hills. 
Carpinus faginea. Lindl. Occurs in Garhwal but has not been found near 
Simla. It differs from the species desci’ibed above in having ovate-oblong 
leaves with uniform teeth and without the tail-like point ; the fruiting bracts 
are broadly triangular. 
XCV. SALICACEiE 
Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, undivided, stalked ; stipules 
usually soon falling off. Flowers small, 1-sexual, in calkins, the 
male and female on separate plants ; perianth in Salix reduced to 
a small scale or glands, in Populus bell-shaped. Male flowers : 
stamens 2 or 5-10 or many, filaments free or partially united, 
anthers 2-celled. Female flowers : ovary 1-celled. Fruiting 
catkins often much-elongated ; capsule conical or ovoid, opening 
by 2-4 valves ; seeds several or many, minute, each enveloped in a 
tuft of long, white, silky hairs. — Chiefly N. temperate regions. 
Leaf -stalks J-g in. Capsule opening by 2 valves. Stamens 2 or 
5-10 . 1. Salix. 
Leaf-stalks 2-4 in. Capsule opening by 2-4 valves. Stamens 
many 2. Pojnthis. 
1. SALIX. The classical name ; of disputed origin. — Chiefly 
N. temperate regions ; rare in South Africa and South America. 
Leaves on young, barren shoots sometimes abnormally large ; 
stalks not exceeding J in. Flowers in catkins, solitary in the axils 
of the bracts. Male flowers : perianth reduced to a small scale 
or glands ; stamens 2 or 5-10, filaments long, free or partially 
united, protruding. Female flow r ers : style forked, stigmas notched 
or entire, ovules at the base of the ovary. Capsule conical, 
opening by 2 recurved valves. 
