484 
XCVII. CONIFERS 
2. Juniperus recurva, Buck. -Ham . ; FI. Br. Bid. v. 647. A 
decumbent or prostrate shrub. Leaves | in., sometimes in pairs, 
curved, spreading or erect, both surfaces green, the upper concave, 
the lower convex. Cones terminal, the female on short branchlets. 
Fruit ovoid, in., ripening July-October of the year after 
flowering ; seed usually one. 
The Chor (var. squamosa ), and perhaps Huttoo; June, July. — Temperate 
and alpine Himalaya, 7500-15,000 ft. — Afghanistan. 
3. TAXUS. The classical name of the Yew. — N. temperate 
regions ; only one species which varies widely in habit and foliage 
in different countries. 
Taxus baccata, Linn . ; FI. Br. Ind. v. 648. A tree ; trunk 
short ; branches horizontal ; foliage dark green. Leaves flattened, 
flexible, linear, 1-1^ in., spreading, in two opposite ranks, acute, 
narrowed into a short stalk, upper surface shining, lower pale or 
rusty red. Cones axillary, sessile, the male and female usually 
on separate trees. Male cones in. : bracts empty, the axis 
ending in a rounded cluster of stamens ; anthers 3-6-celled. 
Female cones minute, bud-like : lower bracts empty, the two 
uppermost enclosing a single ovule surrounded at the base by a 
membranous disk. As the young fruit matures the disk enlarges., 
becomes succulent and finally forms a bright red, fleshy cup about 
in. long, in which the olive-green seed is partially embedded ; 
the fruit ripens September and November of the year after flowering. 
Mahasu, Narkunda, &c. ; March-May. — Temperate Himalaya. — Khasia, 
Upper Burmah. — Temperate Europe, Asia, N. Africa and N. America. 
The Yew of Britain. In the Himalaya it sometimes attains 100 ft. in 
height, with a girth of 15 ft. 
Some botanists regard the N. American Yew as a distinct species. 
4. PINTJS. The classical name of the genus. — Chiefly north- 
ern regions ; rare in the north tropics. 
Large trees ; bark divided by furrows into irregularly shaped 
plates. Leaves needle-like, in clusters of 3 or 5. Male and female 
cones on the same tree. Male cones densely clustered round the 
branches just below the current year’s shoot : anther-cells 2. 
Female cones usually at the end of the young shoots, solitary or 
clustered, erect. Scales of the mature cones more or less thick- 
ened towards the tip. 
Finns Gerardiana furnishes the oily, edible seeds, Chilghoza, sold in bazaars. 
It is common in Afghanistan, and occurs near Chini ; the leaves are in threes, 
8-5 in. long. 
Leaves in clusters of 5. Cones cylindric . . . . 1. P. excelsa. 
Leaves in clusters of 3. Cones ovoid-conical . . . 2. P. longifolia. 
1. Pinus excelsa, Wall.; Fl.Br.Ind. v. 651. Foliage blue- 
or grey-green. Leaves 5-8 in., in clusters of 5, drooping, except 
