XCVTI. CONIFERS 
485 
when quite young. Male cones ovoid, about ^ in. Mature cones 
cylindric, 6-10 in., erect when young, pendulous afterwards, tip of 
scales slightly thickened, beak obtuse. Seed, including the wing, 
lj in. The cones ripen in the autumn of the year after flowering, 
and remain on the branches long after the seeds have been shed. 
(Fig. 157.) 
Simla, 6000-10,000 ft ; April-June. — Temperate Himalaya. — Afghanistan. 
Local name Kail. 
Fig. 157. Pinus excelsa. 
2. Pinus longifolia, Boxb . ; FI. Br. Ind. v. 652. Trunk tall 
and straight, but sometimes stunted and gnarled ; foliage light 
green when young, darker afterwards. Leaves 9-12 in., some- 
times longer, in clusters of 3. Male cones cylindric, \ in. 
Mature cones ovoid, conical, 4-7 in., solitary or clustered, erect 
or the stalks recurved ; tip of scales much thickened, lobed, beak 
pointed. Seed, including the wing, ^-1 in. The cones ripen in 
the summer or autumn of the second year after flowering and 
