596 
CXIII. GRAMINEiE- 
a male flower ; upper very narrow, awned and containing a 
2-sexual flower or sometimes awnless in the stalked spikelet and 
containing a male flower. Stamens 3. Styles 2, long, distinct, 
purple-fringed. Grain oblong, free within the persistent glumes. 
Spikelets hairy. Spikes 2-4 in a cluster . . . . 1. I. angustifolium. 
Spikelets glabrous. 
Spike solitary . . 2. J. notatum. 
Spikes 8-20 in a cluster 3.1. petiolare. 
*1. Ischsemum angustifolium, Hack . ; FI Br. Ind. vii. 129. 
Stems 2-3 ft., woolly at the base. Leaves 1-2 ft., very narrow, 
rigid, sharply pointed. Ligule a line of hairs. Spikes 1-2 in., in 
clusters of 2-4. Spikelets ^ in., in pairs, similar, the base of the 
outer glumes thickly covered with iong, golden or brown hairs. 
Upper empty glume shortly awned. Awn of the fertile glume 
twice or thrice as long as the spikelet. 
Lower Himalaya, from Kashmir to Sikkim, ascending to 7000 ft. in Garhwal. 
— Throughout India. — China. 
This is the Bh&bar grass, often confounded with EHophorum comosum , 
used for thatching, the manufacture of coarse string and for paper-making. 
*2. Ischsemum notatum, Hack . ; FI. Br. Ind. vii. 138. Stems 
2-5 ft. Leaves 6-12 in., very narrow, rigid, rough ; sheath hairy 
near the top. Ligule a line of long hairs. Spike solitary, 3-8 in., 
erect, shortly fringed at the joints and on the stalks of the spikelets. 
Spikelets J in., glabrous ; nerves of outer glumes rough. Upper 
flo wering glume of the sessile spikelet haring an awn J-l in. ; that 
of the stalked spikelet awnless and often containing a male flower. 
W. Himalaya, from Chamba to Kumaon, 4000-7000 ft. 
*3. Ischsemum petiolare, Hack'-, FI. Br. Ind. vii. 138. Stems 
2-3 ft. Leaves 8-12 x £-1^ in., narrowed into a hair-like tip; 
margins rough. Ligule stiff, oblong, truncate. Spikes 8-20 in a 
cluster, crowded, more or less digitately spreading, %-lh in., 
shortly fringed at the joints and on the stalks of the spikelets. 
Spikelets k in., glabrous. Upper flowering glume of the sessile 
spikelet deeply bifid, shortly awned ; that of the stalked spikelet 
awnless and often containing a male flower. 
Garhwal to Nepal, 5000-8000 ft. — Hilly districts throughout India. — Bunnah. 
15. P0G0NATHERTJM. From the Greek pogon, a beard, and 
ather, an awn, referring to the awned spikelets. — India, China, 
Japan. 
Pogonatherum saccharoideum, Beauv . ; FI. Br. Ind. vii. 141. 
Stems tufted, 6-18 in., slender, erect. Leaves very narrow, 1-3 in. 
Ligule short, truncate, fringed with long, soft hairs. Spikelets 
awned, about y^-in., in pairs, one sessile, 2-flowered, the other 
stalked, 1-flowered, both fertile or the stalked spikelet barren, 
