CXIII. GKAMINEA3 
597 
imbricate on the fragile, hairy, jointed rhachis of a solitary , terminal, 
slender spike \-l in. long. Glumes all thin and transparent ; 
empty glumes 2, tip of the lower fringed, obtuse ; upper one 
longer, tip notched, long-awned ; flowering glumes in the sessile 
spikelet 2, the lower containing a male flower, the upper a 2-sexual 
flower, tip bifid, long-awned ; flowering glume in the stalked 
spikelet 1 , containing a female flower or empty, tip bifid, long- 
awned. Stamens 2, rarely 1. Styles long, distinct, fringed. 
Grain minute, free within the persistent glumes. 
Simla. — Hilly districts throughout India, ascending to 8000 ft. — China. 
16. ARTHEAXOJL From the Greek arthron, a joint, and 
axon, an axis, referring to the jointed rhachis. — Tropical regions 
of the Old World. 
Annual or perennial ; stems usually tufted, slender, weak, 
decumbent and branched near the base, seldom erect. Leaves 
cordate, lanceolate or ovate, flat, hairy, fringed. Ligule short, 
hairy. Spikelets awned, except in A. submuticus, small, solitary 
but usually accompanied by the stalk of a second abortive spike- 
let often bearing rudimentary glumes, 1 -flowered, sessile along 2 
or more simple, jointed, spike-like branches clustered near the 
top of the stem. Empty glumes usually 3 ; lowest opaque, acute, 
nerves minutely spinous or rough ; second nearly equalling it, 
keeled, long-pointed, margins transparent ; uppermost minute, 
transparent, sometimes wanting. Flowering glume 1, shorter 
than the empty glumes, transparent, containing a 2-sexual flower, 
usually long-awned from near the base. 
Stamens 3 ; anthers more than half the length of the 
flowering glume. 
Awn far-projecting 1 . A. lanceolatus. 
Awn included or wanting 2. A. submuticus. 
Stamens 2, rarely 3 ; anthers less than half the length of 
the flowering glume. 
Spikelets in. Stalks glabrous below the spikes . 3 .A. ciliaris. 
Spikelets in. Stalks hairy below the spikes . . 4. A . microphyllus. 
1. Arthraxon lanceolatus, Kochst . ; FI. Br. Bid. vii. 143. 
Stems 1-3 ft., ascending or half-climbing. Leaves 2-3xJ-| in. 
minutely toothed or fringed with stiff hairs. Spikes few or many, 
4-2 in. ; rhachis and joints hairy. Spikelets ^ in., with the staik 
of a second usually bearing rudimentary glumes. Lowest empty 
glume narrowly oblong, its marginal nerves hinged with curved, 
prickly teeth. Awn about 1 in. Stamens 3 ; anthers about three 
quarters the length of the flowering glume. 
Simla, the Glen. — N. India, ascending to 8000 ft. — China, Africa. 
*2. Arthraxon submuticus, Hochst. ; FI. Br. Ind. vii. 144. 
Stems 6-12 in., rarely more. Leaves broadly ovate, J^-14 in., 
fringed with stiff hairs, finely pointed. Spikes 3-5, 4 in. ; 
