XLV. UMBELLIFER2E 
205 
base of the primary and secondary rays respectively. Calyx-tnbe 
adnate to the ovary ; limb obsolete or 5-toothed. Petals 5, inserted 
on the margin of the calyx, equal or the outer ones of the umbel 
larger, tip usually acute and abruptly indexed. Stamens 5, anthers 
versatile. Ovary 2-celled, crowned with a fleshy, 2-lobed disk ; 
styles 2, stigmas terminal, small; ovules solitary in each cell. 
Fruit inferior, dry, consisting of two 1-seeded, indehiscent carpels 
which separate from a very slender, simple or forked, central axis 
and are traversed longitudinally by usually 5 ridges or wings, the 
central ridge being called the dorsal, the two marginal the lateral, 
and the remaining two the intermediate ridges. The carpels are 
also often furnished with internal, longitudinal oil-canals or vittae, 
which are best seen in cross sections. Seed pendulous from the 
top of the cell, inner face flat or grooved in the centre. — A numer- 
ous Order represented in nearly all cold and temperate regions, 
rare in the tropics. Name from the Latin umbella , a parasol or 
umbrella, referring to the inflorescence. 
Besides the species here described the two following are cultivated through- 
out India and may occasionally be found as escapes near houses. 
Foeniculum vulgare or Fennel. A tall, glabrous herb emitting a powerful 
odour when rubbed. Leaves pinnately dissected ; segments linear. Umbels 
compound, usually without bracts. Flowers yellow. Fruit small, oblong. — 
Native name, Sonf. 
Coriandrum sativum or Coriander. A glabrous herb, 6-18 in. high, 
emitting a very disagreeable odour when rubbed. Leaves pinnately divided ; 
segments of the lower leaves broadly ovate, lobed and toothed ; of the upper 
thread-like. Umbels compound. Flowers white. Calyx-teeth unequal, acute. 
Fruit small, ovoid. -- Native name Bhanya. 
The following species is common on the Chor during September and October, 
but does not occur below 11,000 ft. 
Pleurospermum Brunonis, Benth . ; FI. Br. Ind. ii. 706. Stem erect, 6-18 
in. Leaves pinnately divided ; segments thread-like. Umbels compound. 
Bracts large and conspicuous, white-margined. Flowers purple. Fruit black, 
oblong, nearly j in. 
A. Leaves undivided 
Leaves orbicular or kidney- shaped, crenate 
Leaves ovate, lanceolate or linear, entire . 
1. Hydrocotyle. 
4. Bupleuruni. 
B. Leaves divided 
Leaves palmately divided ; segments 8-5 .... 
Leaves pinnately divided. 
Fruit flattened^ lateral ridges winged. 
Dorsal and intermediate ridges also winged; lateral 
wings narrow. 
Calyx-teeth none 
Calyx-teeth lanceolate ..... 
Dorsal and intermediate ridges not winged ; lateral 
wings broad. 
Lateral wings of the 2 half -fruits free 
Lateral wings of the 2 half-fruits cohering 
until separation on ripening 
Fruit not flattened ; lateral ridges not winged. 
Fruit smooth (see also 8. Anthriscus). 
Calyx-teeth lanceolate, acute . 
2. Sanicula. 
10. Ligusticum. 
11. Selinum. 
12. Angelica. 
13. Heracleum. 
9. Gdnanthe. 
