238 
L. VALERIANACE2E 
usually entire, long-pointed, end one largest. Flowers white, in 
numerous, axillary, stalked, compound corymbs forming a long, 
terminal panicle, often 1-sexual. (Fig. 73.) 
Simla, Mushobra, common ; July-September. — Temperate Himalaya, 4000- 
12,000 ft. 
The root is exported to the plains partly for medicinal use, but mainly as 
a perfume. 
LI. DIPSACEJE 
Erect, usually perennial herbs. Leaves opposite, rarely whorled, 
entire, toothed or pinnatifid, prickly in Morina ; stipules none. 
Flowers 2-sexual, crowded in axillary clusters or in long-stalked, 
terminal, involucrate heads. Eeceptacle of the heads covered 
with scales or hairs. Base of each flower enclosed in a tubular 
sheath or involucel free from or united with the calyx-tube. Calyx- 
tube adnate to the ovary ; limb free. Corolla superior, tubular ; 
limb 4- or 5-lobed, lobes spreading, usually unequal. Stamens 
2 or 4, inserted at the mouth of the corolla-tube ; filaments free, 
usually protruding; anthers 2-celled, versatile. Ovary inferior, 
1-celled ; style long, slender, undivided, stigma terminal ; ovules 
solitary, pendulous. Achene enclosed within the persistent invo- 
lucel, tip free, usually crowned with the persistent calyx -limb. — 
A small Order inhabiting nearly all regions in the Old World 
except Australia. 
Leaves prickly. Flowers in axillary clusters , . . .1. Morina. 
Leaves unarmed. Flowers in terminal heads. 
Flowers white. Corolla 4-lobed ...... 2. Dipsacus. 
Flowers purple. Corolla 5-lobed 3. Scabiosa. 
1. MORINA. In honour of Louis Morin, a French botanical 
author of the seventeenth century. — W. Asia, S. Europe. 
Glabrous or softly pubescent. Leaves sometimes whorled, 
narrowly oblong, sinuately pinnatifid, prickly, thistle-like ; upper 
ones shorter, sessile, united at the base. Flowers sessile, crowded 
in the axils of the upper leaves forming a terminal, interrupted 
spike. Involucel funnel-shaped, unequally spinous-toothed. 
Calyx-limb 2-lobed, soon falling off, lobes entire, notched or bifid. 
Corolla-tube long, slender ; limb obscurely 2-lipped, 5-lobed, lobes 
unequal, ultimately spreading. Perfect stamens 2, rudimentary 
stamens usually 2. Stigma broad, disk-like. Achene small, free 
within the involucel. 
For an interesting description of the method of fertilisation in the flowers of 
this genus, see Kerner’s Natural History of Plants , ii. 352. 
