LII. COMPOSITE 
245 
* * Pappus of feathery hairs 
Flowers yellow. 
Heads numerous, corymbose. Leaves sinuate-toothed 50. Picris. 
Heads solitary, terminal. Leaves entire . . . 59. Tragopogon. 
* * * Pappus of short, blunt scales 
Heads sessile. Flowers blue ...... 49. Cichorium. 
B. Compound heads 
Component heads, each containing a single flower. 
Heads terminal. Leaves prickly . 
Heads axillary. Leaves not prickly . 
Component heads, each containing about 12 flowers 
89. Echinops. 
20. Ccesulia. 
15. Sphcera7ithus. 
1. VERNONIA. In honour of W. Vernon, botanist and 
traveller in N. America in the seventeenth century. — Chiefly 
tropical regions ; abundant in America and Africa. 
Erect herbs. Leaves alternate. Heads discoid, corymbose. 
Involucral bracts in several series ; receptacle naked ; flowers 
tubular, all similar, purple ; pappus long, copious ; corolla-tube 
slender, 5-lobed ; style-arms long, acute, hairy all round. Achenes 
pubescent. 
Outer involucral bracts shorter than the inner ; tips 
acute . . . 1. V. cinerea. 
Outer involucral bracts longer than the inner ; tips 
dilated 2. V. anthelmintica. 
1. Vernonia cinerea, Less. ; FI. Br. Ind. iii. 233. Pubescent ; 
stems 6-12 in., sometimes decumbent at the base, grooved. Leaves 
nearly sessile, lanceolate or ovate, f-l| in. ; teeth few, coarse. Heads 
numerous, J in. diam. Involucral bracts narrowly lanceolate, 
acute, outer ones smaller than the inner ; pappus white. Achenes 
-jV in., terete. 
Simla ; August, September. — Throughout India, ascending to 8000 ft.— 
Tropical Asia, Africa, Australia. 
2. Vernonia anthelmintica, Willd . ; FI. Br. Ind. iii. 236. Stems 
robust, erect, 4-6 ft., glandular-pubescent near the top. Leaves 
rough, ovate-lanceolate, 3-5 in., coarsely toothed, long-pointed, 
narrowed into a short stalk. Heads in. diam. Involucral 
bracts narrowdy oblong, tips dilated, outer bracts longer than the 
inner ; pappus tawny ; corollas often unequal. Achenes \ in., 
ribbed. 
Valleys below Simla ; August. — Throughout India, ascending to 5000 ft.— 
Afghanistan. 
Usually seen near villages. The seeds are used in native medicine. 
