LII. COMPOSITE 
257 
bent. Leaves usually crowded, linear, ^-1 x Jin., acute or obtuse, 
shortly lobed at the base, margins sometimes recurved. Heads 
J in. diam., in dense, terminal corymbs. Involucral bracts broad, 
obtuse, erect in flower, spreading in fruit, outer ones often pale 
purple. 
Simla, common ; August, September. — Temperate Himalaya, 7000- 
10,000 ft. 
19. GNAPHALIUM. The Greek name of a woolly plant, 
probably G. germanicum, the Cudweed of Britain ; derived from 
gnaphalion, a lock of wool.- — Temperate and subtropical regions. 
Erect, more or less softly woolly herbs. Leaves alternate, 
entire. Heads discoid, numerous, J in. diam., in irregularly 
globose clusters at the end of corymbose branches. Involucral 
bracts many, erect, scarious, shining, inner as long as the flowers, 
outer shorter ; receptacle flat, naked ; flowers bright yellow ; 
pappus scanty, hairs free at the base ; corolla of the outer 
flowers slender, 3-4-toothed, of the inner larger, 5-toothed. 
Achenes oblong, slender, rough. 
Leaves spathulate ; both surfaces woolly . . . . 1. G. luteo-album. 
Leaves linear ; upper surface green, glabrous, lower woolly 2. G. hypoleucum . 
1. Gnaphalium luteo-album, Linn. ; FI. Br. Ind. iii. 288, 
lender var. multice'ps. Stems often tufted, 6-18 in., simple cr 
branched. Leaves crowded or distant, sessile, basal lobes some- 
times decurrent, spathulate, 1-3 x J-J in., both surfaces woolly ; 
uppermost leaves lanceolate, acute. 
Simla, common ; June-August. — Throughout India, ascending to 10,000 ft. 
— Most warm and temperate regions (Britain, Jersey Cudweed). 
Var. 2, pallidum , differs only in the heads being pale brown instead of bright 
yellow ; it is common in the plains and may occur in the Sutlej valley. — In the 
British form of this species the heads are pale yellow. 
2. Gnaphalium hypoleucum, DC . ; FI. Br. Ind. iii. 288. 
Stems robust, 12-24 in., pubescent near the base, woolly on the 
upper parts, usually much branched. Leaves sessile, linear, 
1^-2^ x i in., long pointed ; upper surface green and rough, lower 
white and woolly ; basal lobes blunt. 
Simla, common; September, October.— Temperate Himalaya, 3000-7000 ft. 
— Nilghiris. — E. Asia, N. Africa. 
20. CiESTJLIA. From the Latin ccesullce, having blue eyes ; 
referring to the flowers. — India. 
Csesulia axillaris, Boxb . ; FI. Br. Ind. iii. 291. A glabrous, 
erect herb, 6-12 in. Leaves alternate, sessile, dilated at the base, 
narrowly lanceolate, 2-4 x in., long-pointed ; teeth small, 
s 
