258 
LIT. COMPOSITE 
rather far apart. Heads compound, axillary, sessile, globose, 
in. diam., involucrate ; component heads numerous, crowded 
on a flat receptacle, each containing a single, blue-purple or white 
flower. Involucral bracts 2, opposite, embracing the flower, keeled 
and winged at the back, tips erect, free, acute ; pappus none ; 
corolla tubular, 5-lobed. Achenes flattened, margined, enclosed 
within and adnate to the involucral bracts. 
Sutlej valley, common in ricefields and marshy ground; July-October. — 
N. India, ascending to 3000 ft. 
21. INULA. The classical name of the Elecampane, I. Hele- 
nium. — Asia, Africa, Europe. 
Shrubs. Leaves alternate, toothed. Heads large and solitary, 
or small and in corymbs, radiate except I. Cappa. Involucral 
bracts unequal, narrow, rigid, leaf-like in I. grandiflora ; 
receptacle naked ; flowers yellow ; ray-flowers more than 20 ; 
pappus scanty, rough ; corolla of outer flowers ligulate, except 
I. Cappa, of inner tubular, 5-toothed. Achenes small, cylindric, 
silky. 
Heads radiate. 
Heads 2-2| in. diam. Ligules narrow, f-1 in. long . 1. I. grandiflora. 
Heads ^ in. diam. Ligules broad, short . . . 3. I. cuspidata. 
Heads discoid, ^ in. diam., sometimes with a few very short 
ligules . 2. 7. Cappa. 
1. Inula grandiflora, Willd. ; FI. Br. Lid. iii. 294. Bristly 
hairy; stems leafy, 12-18 in., simple or branched. Leaves sessile, 
dilated at the base, lanceolate, 2-3 x f in., glandular-toothed, 
fringed with long hairs. Heads 2-2^ in. diam., solitary. Involu- 
cral bracts toothed, outer ones long, leaf-like, inner shorter, 
narrow ; ligules narrow, J-l in. long, 3-toothed. 
Matiana ; September. — Temperate Himalaya, 8000-12,000 ft. — W. Asia. 
Abundant on the Jalowri Pass. 
2. Inula Cappa, DC . ; FI. Br. Ind. iii. 295. Aromatic ; 
stems robust, 4-8 ft. ; branches and inflorescence tomentose. 
Leaves thick, shortly stalked, oblong-lanceolate, 3-6 x j— 1^ in. ; 
upper surface hairy, low 7 er softly and densely silky ; teeth close- 
set, short. Heads very many, J in. diam., in numerous, crowded, 
rounded corymbs, not radiate or with few and very short ligules. 
Involucral bracts linear, rigid, acute, inner ones as long as the 
flowers, outer gradually shorter. 
Valleys below Simla ; September, October. — Simla to Bhotan, 4000-6000 ft. 
— E. Asia. 
3. Inula cuspidata, C. B. Clarke ; FI. Br. Ind. iii. 296. Stems 
4-8 ft. ; branches slender, nearly glabrous. Leaves thin, stalked, 
ovate-lanceolate, 5x2 in., long-pointed ; upper surface rough, 
