264 
LI I. COMPOSITE 
Erect herbs ; stems robust, ^-3 ft., usually glabrous near the 
base, pubescent upwards. Leaves opposite, stalked. Heads 
radia- e, except B. tripartita , corymbose. Involucral bracts in 2 or 
3 series, united near the base, outer ones green, inner membranous ; 
receptacle covered with narrow, flat scales nearly as long as the 
yellow flowers ; pappus of 2 or 3 erect, stiff, barbed bristles ; 
iigules white or yellow, 2-3-toothed, spreading ; corolla-tube of 
disk-flowers narrow, dilated at the. top, 5-toothed. Achenes wedge- 
shaped or linear, \ in. long including the pappus. 
Heads discoid. Leaves digitately 3-lobed 1. B. tripartita. 
Heads radiate. 
Leaves 1 -pinnate. Ligules white 2. B. pilosa. 
Leaves 2-pinnate. Ligules yellow 3. B. Wallichii. 
*1. Bidens tripartita, Linn.; FI. Br. Ind. iii. 309. Leaves 
2^-4 in., digitately 3-5-lobed ; lobes lanceolate, toothed, end one 
longest. Heads discoid, § in. diam., on short, erect stalks. Outer 
involucral bracts leaf-like, longer than the flowers, tips dilated. 
Achenes wedge-shaped, barbed along the ribs, pappus of usually 
two bristles. 
Temperate Himalaya, in marshes, 3000-5000 ft. ; August-October. — 
N. Africa, N. America, Europe (Britain, Bur-Marigold). 
2. Bidens pilosa, Linn. ; FI. Br. Ind. iii. 309, under var. 1, 
pilosa proper. Leaves 3-5 in., 1-pinnate ; leaflets 3-5, ovate, 
toothed. Heads radiate, in. diam., on long, thick, diverging 
stalks ; ligules white ; pappus of usually three barbed bristles. 
Achenes linear, rough. 
Valleys below Simla; September, October. — Throughout India, ascending to 
6000 ft. — All warm countries. 
3. Bidens Wallichii, DC. ; FI. Br. Ind. iii. 309, under var. 2, 
bipinnata of B. pilosa. Leaves 3-6 in., 2-pinnate ; segments 
variously cut and Iobed. Heads radiate, J-J in. diam., on long, 
slender, diverging stalks ; ligules yellow ; pappus of usually 3 
bristles. Achenes linear, rough. 
Simla, common ; August, September. — Throughout India, ascending to 
8000 ft. — Burmah, China. 
32. GALINSOGA. In honour of M. M. de Galinsoga, a 
Spanish botanist of the eighteenth century. — Tropical America ; 
introduced in India. 
Galinsoga parviflora, Cav. ; FI. Br. Ind. iii. 311. An erect 
herb ; stems weak, 6-18 in., usually smooth towards the base, 
roughly hairy upwards. Leaves opposite, stalked, ovate -lance- 
olate, 1-2| in., more or less toothed. Heads radiate, \ in. diam., 
on slender stalks. Involucral bracts few, broad^ green, smooth ; 
