LII. COMPOSITE 
271 
2. Echinops niveus, Wall . ; FI. Br. Ind. iii. 359, Leaves 
3-8 in., pinnately divided into numerous, linear, spiny segments, 
margins recurved. Heads l§-3 in. diam., usually without pro- 
jecting spines. Outer involucral bracts few, narrow, spathulate, 
spine-tipped. (Fig. 80.) 
Simla, common ; August, September. - W. Himalaya, 4000-8000 ft. 
Fig. 80. Echinops niveus. 
40. ARCTIUM. From the Greek arctos, a bear ; referring to 
the rough, coarse appearance of the plants.— Asia, Europe. 
Arctium Lappa, Linn . ; FI. Br. Ind. iii. 359. An erect, coarse, 
rough herb, 2-4 ft. Leaves radical and alternate, stalked, broadly 
ovate, 3-12 in. across, cordate, sinuate-toothed ; low T er surface 
hoary or white-cottony. Heads discoid, globose, J-l^ in. diam., 
