276 
LII. COMPOSITE 
Trieholepis elongata, DC . ; FI. Br. Ind. iii. 380. A rough, 
perennial herb ; stems erect, 2-5 ft., diverging in several long, 
straight branches nearly leafless towards the end. Leaves 
alternate, variable in shape and size, lanceolate or oblong, 
2-4 x|-2 in., and toothed, or ovate and pinnately lobed near the 
base, 4 x 1| in., or pinnately divided throughout into long or short, 
entire or toothed lobes ; the different forms being sometimes seen 
on the same plant. Heads discoid, J-1J in. diam., solitary at the 
end of branches. Involucral bracts many, erect, very narrow, with 
a long, recurved or twisted, needle- or hair-like point ; receptacle 
densely bristly ; flowers pale yellow ; pappus copious, rigid, 
minutely barbed, inner series nearly as long as the corolla, outer 
very short ; corolla-tube slender, 5-lobed. Achenes smooth. 
Simla, common ; August, September. — W. Himalaya, 4000-8000 ft. 
46. CARTHAMUS, Derived from the Arabic qurfom, to paint ; 
a red dye is obtained from the flowers. — S. Europe, W. Asia. 
Carthamus tinctorius, Linn. ; FI. Br. Ind. iii. 386. A glabrous, 
erect, thistle-like herb, 1^ ft. Leaves alternate, stiff, sessile, lan- 
ceolate, l|-3 x J-1J in. ; teeth spinous. Heads discoid, J-l in. 
diam., terminal. Involucral bracts many, spinous, erect, outer 
ones leaf -like, inner narrow; receptacle flat, densely bristly; 
flowers orange-red ; pappus none ; corolla-tube slender, deeply 
5-lobed. Achenes glabrous, 4-angled. 
Cultivated throughout India for the dye obtained from the flowers and the 
oil from the seeds. Occasionally found as an escape near villages. June- 
September. — Native name Kusumbh. The Safflower or Bastard Saffron ; not 
known in a wild state. 
47. AINSLIiEA, In honour of Dr. Whitelaw Ainslie, author 
of ‘ Materia Indica,’ 1826. — Himalaya, China, Japan. 
Erect, perennial herbs of singular habit. Leaves alternate, 
chiefly radical. Heads discoid, sessile or nearly so, narrow, 
in. long, in clusters or spikes. Involucral bracts many, erect, 
glabrous, rigid, acute, inner ones long, outer shorter; flowers 1-4, 
usually 3 in a head, white or tinged with pink ; pappus feathery ; 
corolla-tube slender, limb slightly 2-lipped, lobes 5, long, narrow, 
unequal. Achenes hairy. 
Leaf-stalks not winged. Heads in small clusters . . . 1. A. aptera,. 
Leaf-stalks winged. Heads in spikes 2. A . pt er °]? 0 d(k- 
1. Ainsliaea aptera, DC. ; FI. Br. Ind. iii. 388. In March and 
April the slender, leafless stems, 1-4 ft. high, bear numerous heads 
in small clusters ; after fruiting the stems decay and in most cases 
disappear. In June the rootstock produces several long-stalked, 
broadly triangular, ovate or orbicular leaves about 4 x 4| in. 
