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LII. COMPOSITE 
52. PTEROTHECA. From the Greek pteron, a wing, and 
thece, a sheath or case, referring to the prominent ribs of the 
achenes. — W. Asia, S. Europe. 
Pterotheca Falconeri, Hook. f . ; FI. Br. hid. iii. 399. An erect 
herb ; stems many, slender, 6-18 in., branched, nearly glabrous 
towards the base, glandular upwards. Leaves all radical, 4-6 in., 
spathulate and pinnatifid, or 1-2 in. and--obovate with a few 
small teeth. Heads ligulate, in. diam., on slender stalks. 
Involucre cylindric ; bracts pubescent, inner ones 8-10, equal, 
linear, acute, outer few and small, usually spreading ; receptacle 
flat, covered with long hairs ; flowers yellow ; pappus very short, 
soft, white, not feathery ; ligules long, broad, spreading, 5-toothed. 
Achenes linear, prominently ribbed, minutely wrinkled, narrowed 
to both ends, not beaked, red when ripe ; outer achenes often 
flattened and sterile. 
Matiana, Baghi, in cornfields ; June-August. — W. Himalaya, 5000-9000 ft. 
— Afghanistan. 
53. HIERACIUM. From the Greek ierax, a hawk; application 
obscure. — N. temperate regions, S. Africa, the Andes. 
Perennial, erect herbs ; juice milky ; stems robust, 1-3 ft., 
branched. Leaves alternate, lanceolate, toothed. Heads ligulate, 
J-J in. diam., stalked. Involucral bracts many, black-hairy or 
pubescent, narrow, acute, inner ones nearly equal, outer smaller ; 
receptacle flat, bristly ; flowers yellow ; pappus copious, rough, 
rigid, brittle, tawny ; ligules long, spreading, 5-toothed ; base of 
anther-cells not tailed ; style-arms slender. Achenes glabrous, 
terete, ribbed, narrowed to the base, not beaked, black when ripe. 
Leaves broadly lanceolate ; radical persistent. Tips of 
outer involucral bracts erect 1. H. vulgatum. 
Leaves narrowly lanceolate ; radical soon disappearing. 
Tips of outer involucral bracts recurved . . . . 2. H. umbellatum. 
1. Hieracium vulgatum, Koch ; FI. Br. Ind. iii. 399. Hairy. 
Leaves glabrous on the upper surface, hairy on the lower, broadly 
lanceolate, 3-6 x |-1| in., long-pointed, irregularly and coarsely 
toothed : radical leaves many, persistent or long-stalked ; upper 
few, sessile. Heads on glandular-hairy stalks. Involucral bracts 
often cottony in bud, black-hairy, usually glandular. 
Simla, Mahasu ; June-September. — W. Himalaya, 6000-10,000 ft. — W. Asia, 
Europe (Britain, Hawkweed). 
Included under H. murorum , Linn., in Bentham’s British Flora. 
2. Hieracium umbellatum, Linn.) FI. Br.Ind. iii. 400. Nearly 
glabrous, not glandular; base of stem sometimes hairy. Leaves 
sessile, narrowly lanceolate, 3 x \ in. ; teeth few, small ; radical 
leaves soon disappearing. Heads usually numerous, irregularly 
