SUGAR CANE. 
65 
the temperature of boiling water. A damper adapted 
to the clarifier is applied, as soon as the appearances 
above mentioned have taken place, and the fire ex- 
tinguished ; after which the liquor is suffered to re- 
main undisturbed for an hour (if circumstances will 
permit), and during this interval the greater part of 
the impurities will rise to the surface in scum, 
which will sink down unbroken when the juice is 
drawn off from the clarifier. This operation is 
managed either by a syphon, or a cock at the bot- 
tom of the vessel, from whence the liquor is re- 
ceived into a gutter, or channel, that conveys it to 
the evaporating boiler, commonly called the grand 
copper ; and if originally produced from good and 
untainted canes, will now appear almost, if not per- 
fectly, transparent. 
In this copper the liquor is suffered to boil; and, 
as the scum rises, it is continually removed until 
the liquor grows finer and somewhat thicker. After 
being sufficiently reduced in quantity, it is laded 
into a second copper, where the boiling and scum- 
ming is renewed; and if the liquor is not so clear 
as is expected, lime-water is thrown into it. The 
criterion by which they judge that the subject in 
the second copper is going on well, is when the 
froth in boiling rises in large bubbles, and is but 
little discoloured. When the contents of the se- 
cond have been considerably reduced by evapora- 
tion, they are removed to a third, and from that to 
a fouith and last, where the liquor becomes ex- 
ceedingly thick, and from whence it is laded into 
VOL. III. F 
