454 
BITUMEN. 
lamps. This naphtha, and the petrol which accom- 
panies it, produces the Khan of Baku a revenue of 
near ten thousand pounds. 
Naphtha is likewise found in Calabria, in Sicily, 
in America, &c. ; but it must be observed, that the 
travellers who have noticed the bitumen in these 
places are very likely to confound it with the va- 
riety which we shall next describe. 
A spring of yellow naphtha, very inflammable, 
and burning away without leaving any residuum, 
was discovered in the year 1802 , near the village 
of Amiano, in the duchy of Parma. This source 
is sufficiently abundant to furnish the necessary 
quantity of naphtha to illuminate the city of Genoa. 
But when the oil is used for this purpose, it be- 
hoves the persons employed to be very careful of 
their reservoir, lest by approaching too near with a 
light they should inflame the whole quantity. 
Petroleum is so nearly allied to naphtha, that 
it is only to be distinguished from it by being some- 
what thicker, and of a darker colour. Like naph- 
tha it is very inflammable, burning with a thick 
black smoke, and leaving hardly any residuum. 
In France there are several places which produce 
this mineral, particularly at Gabian, a village in 
the department of Herault, where the petroleum 
is found floating on the surface of some water, and 
is known in commerce by the name of oil of Gabian. 
It is likewise found in Auvergne, near Clermont ; 
in the department of Landes, near Dax; and in 
the salt springs in the department of the Lower 
