lviii 
INTRODUCTION 
Aristatus. — Armed or bearing bristles, 
as the glumes of Grasses and the 
anthers of Pieris. 
Arvensis. — Growing in cultivated 
ground. 
Auriculatus. — Having ear -like appen- 
dages or lobes, as the leaves of Meri- 
andra, p. 393. 
Awn. — A stiff or flexible bristle. 
Axil. — The angle formed by a branch 
with the attached leaf, or by any axis 
with the attached organ. 
Axillary. — Produced in the axils of the 
leaves or other organs. 
Axis. — The , root, stem and branches 
which bear lea,ves, the parts of the 
flower, etc. 
A zureus. — Sky-blue . 
Baccate. — Having a more or less fleshy 
fruit. 
Barbatus. — Bearded. 
Berry. — Botanically a berry is an in- 
dehiscent fruit, fleshy or pulpy 
throughout with immersed seeds, as I 
in the Grape and Gooseberry. 
Bi, in compounds, signifies twice or 
two. Bilabiate, two-lipped, as the 
corolla of Salvia, Dicliptera and 
J usticia, and most of the Acanthacese, 
Labiatse and allied natural orders. 
Bifid, as the petals of Stellaria, p. 51. 
Blade. — The lamina or flat part of a 
leaf. 
Bracts. — The more or less leaf-like or 
scale-like organs on the inflorescence 
and immediately beneath the flowers. 
They constitute the involucre in the 
Compositse, etc. In Flemingia,]?. 145, 
they completely enclose the flowers. 
Bracteole. — The bracts immediately 
beneath or next to the flower. 
Bulb.— A. stock consisting of an axis and 
leaf -formations with buds in their 
axils, as in the Onion and Hyacinth. 
Bulb, Naked . — Having loose scales like 
the Lily. 
Bulb, Solid. — See Corm. 
Bulb, Tunicated. — Having the outer 
scales membranous, as the Tulip. 
Bullatus.— Blistered in appearance. 
C cesius. — Ash-grey. 
Calcaratus.— Spurred, as the petals of 
Aquilegia, and the corolla of Halenia, 
p. 328. 
Calyx. — The'outer floral envelope, where 
there are two dissimilar envelopes, as 
in the Buttercup and Primrose ; the 
sepals composing it are free in the 
former and combined in the latter. 
Campestris. — Growing in fields or open 
country. 
Candidus. — Pure white. 
Canescens. — Becoming grey or hoary. 
Capitate. — Terminating in a knob, as 
the pistil of many plants ; clustered 
in heads, as the flowers of the Com- 
positse and Primula denticulata, 
p. 298. 
Capitulum. — A dense head of flowers. 
Capsule. — A dry, dehiscent seed-vessel. 
Carneus. — Flesh-colour. 
Carpel. — One of the component parts of 
a fruit or seed-vessel. A seed-vessel 
consists of one or more carpels. They 
are separate, as in the Buttercup, or 
combined, as in the Flax. The pod of 
the Leguminosse consists of a single 
carpel, p. 132. 
Caryopsis.— The grain of Grasses. 
Catkin. — A deciduous spike of flowers, 
I as in the Willow, p. 479, and Poplar. 
Cernuus. — Drooping, pendent. 
| Character.— The features by which 
species, genera and orders are dis- 
tinguished from each other are termed 
their characters. 
Ciliate. — Having marginal hairs ; 
minutely fringed. 
Claw. — The stalk of a petal, etc., as in 
many Cruciferae and Caryophyllaceae, 
Gypsophila cerastoides, p. 46. 
Cleistogamic. — Fertilisation in closed 
flowers. Many plants, besides their 
ordinary flowers, produce others 
which never expand, yet they yield 
good seed, as the Violet. 
Coccineus.— Scarlet. 
Cceruleus. — Pale blue. 
Coherent. — Employed to denote union 
of parts of the same whorl, as the 
stamens of the Papilionacese and the 
petals of the Gamopetalae. 
Column. — The name given to the com- 
bined style and stamen or stamens 
in Orchids, and the combined stamens 
in Malva, p. 58. 
Comose. — Bearing a tuft of hairs, as 
the seeds of Epilobium, p. 195, and 
Trachelospermum, p. 312. In Am- 
phicome, p. 368, the seeds are 
comose at both ends. It is not usual 
to describe the pappose achenes of the 
Compositse as comose. 
Compound. — Of several parts, as a pin- 
nate leaf, Cassia, p. 148 ; as a bipin- 
nate leaf, Albizzia, p. 154. 
Cone. — The name given tojthe compound 
fruit of Pinus, and of other genera of 
the Coniferse, pp. 485-488. Also 
applied to other frutescences and to 
male inflorescences of similar shape. 
Connate. — Parts of the same whorl com- 
bined, as the petals of the Primrose 
and the stamens of the Mallow. 
Cordata. — Heart-shaped ; cordate, as the 
leaves of Marsdenia, p. 318. 
Coriaceous. — Leathery in texture, as the 
leaves of the common Laurel. 
Corm. — A fleshy, underground, bulb- 
like stock, as in Crocus. 
Cornutus. — Horned. Used in very 
much the same sense as calcaratus, 
