INTRODUCTION lix 
and sometimes as aristatus ; as the 
appendages of the anthers of the 
Melastomacese, p. 190, Vacciniacese 
and Ericaceae, p. 294. 
Corolla. — The inner floral envelope 
where there are two, and usually the 
most showy part of the flower. It 
may consist of separate petals, as in 
the Buttercup, or of united petals, as 
in the Primrose. 
Corymb. — An inflorescence in which 
the lower flower-stalks are longer 
than the upper, thus bringing the 
flowers nearly to a level, as in 
Candytuft and Spiraea canescens, 
p. 158. 
Cotyledon. — A seed-leaf or embryonal 
leaf. In dicotyledons the embryo has 
two cotyledons ; in monocotyledons 
the embryo has only one cotyledon. 
Crenate. — Having rounded teeth, as 
the leaves of Potentilla, p. 166. 
Crested. — As the petals of Grewia, p. 62 ; 
the lowest petal of Polygala, p. 43. 
Cucullatus. — Hood -shaped . 
Cuneatus. — W edge -shaped. 
Cuspidatus. — Having a hard point. 
Cyme. — An irregular clustered inflo- 
rescence, as in Viburnum, p. 221. A 
scorpioid cyme, as in Forget-me-not. 
Deciduous. — Falling early or the same 
season, as the leaves of many trees. 
Used in contradistinction to ever- 
green in the case of leaves, and to 
persistent in the case of sepals and 
other organs. 
Decumbent. — Plants having trailing 
barren and ascending flower-stems. 
Decurrent. — Running down, as the blade 
of the leaves on the stems of many 
Thistles. 
Decussate. — Applied to leaves arranged 
in alternating pairs forming four 
vertical rows, as in Pycreus nitens, 
p. 553, and Cyperus niveus, p. 556. 
Dehiscence. — The opening or splitting of 
seed-vessels and anthers. 
Dentate. — Toothed, having the margin 
notched with small, triangular lobes, 
as the leaves of the Dead-nettle and 
Nepeta leucophylla, p. 398. 
Dicotyledon. — Having two seed-leaves 
usually distinguishable in the embryo 
or plantlet while still in the seed. 
Didynamous. — Having four stamens, 
two shorter than the others, as in 
Micromeria biftora, p. 392. 
Digitate. — Divided into leaflets in a 
radiate manner, as the leaves of the 
Horse Chestnut and Potentilla 
nepalensis, p. 166. 
Dimorphic. — Of two forms, as the leaves 
of Aconitum heterophyllum, p. 14, 
and of Pimpinella divers i folia , 
p. 210. 
Dioecious. — Bearing male and female 
flowers on different individuals. 
Disk. — Applied to an organ usually 
between the stamens and the ovary, 
sometimes between the petals and 
stamens, and often in the form of a 
ring, as in Zizyphus , p. 89, and 
Sageretia, p. 92. 
Dissepiments. — The partitions of an 
ovary or fruit. 
Distichous. — Arranged in two opposite 
vertical rows. 
Dorsal. — Appertaining to the back. As 
applied to carpels and stamens, it is 
the outside or that part next to the 
observer, as opposed to ventral or the 
side next the axis or centre of the 
flower. 
Drupe. — A fleshy fruit having a hard 
endocarp or stone enclosing the 
seed, as the Cherry. 
Drupelet. — A fleshy fruit composed of a 
number of carpelswith hard endo carps, 
as in most species of Rubus, p. 161. 
E, Ex, denotes absence, as ebracteate, 
eglandular, exalbuminous . 
Echinate. — Clothed with prickles, as the 
shell of the fruit of the Sweet 
Chestnut. 
Elliptical. — Oval, similar to ovate, but 
both ends equal. 
Emarginate. — Notched at the tip, as the 
petals of Stellaria crispata, p. 51. 
Embryo. — The plantlet or germ of a 
plant found in the seed. 
Ensiform. — Sword -shaped, as the leaves 
of Iris, p. 515. 
Entire. — Having an unbroken margin. 
Entomophilous. — Fertilised by insects 
conveying the pollen from flower to 
flower, as most plants having showy 
flowers. 
Epi, signifies upon in compounds. 
Epipetalous, as the stamens of 
Salvia, p. 395, Torenia, p. 353, and 
Scrophularia, p. 349, stamens on the 
corolla. 
Epicalyx. — The name given to the 
accessory lobes of the calyx of Poten- 
tilla, p. 166, and other genera. 
Epiphyte. — A plant that grows upon 
another but does not draw its 
nourishment therefrom. 
Ex, in composition means without, as 
exalbuminous ; or outside, as exo- 
genous. 
Exserted. — Projecting, as the stamens 
and style from the corolla of Elsholt- 
zia, p. 389, and Caryopteris, p. 381. 
Extrorse. — Applied to anthers which 
open outwards or away from the pistil. 
Fascicled. — Clustered . 
Filament. — The stalk of a stamen bear- 
ing the anther. 
