II. MAGNOLIACEiE 
17 
male, outer sepals more highly coloured : ovaries numerous, 
distinct, minute, sessile, crowded on an oblong, fleshy column, 
1 -celled, stigma sessile, ovules 2. In fruit the column lengthens 
to 6-9 in., bearing numerous sessile, globose, red, 2-seeded berries, 
nearly | in. diam. (Fig. 6.) 
Simla (Jako), Matiana, Narkunda, in forest ; May, June. — Simla to Bhotan 
6000-10,000 ft. 
III. MENISPERMACE^E 
Climbing or sometimes erect shrubs, rarely small trees. Leaves 
alternate, stalked, simple, entire or sinuate, rarely lobed, sometimes 
peltate. Inflorescence various. Flowers small or minute, 1 -sexual ; 
the male and female on different plants. Sepals 6 or 4 (only one in 
the female flowers of Gissampelos), free, usually imbricate in 2 
series, the outer shorter than the inner. Petals 6 or 3 (only one in 
the female flowers of Gissampelos), much smaller than the sepals, 
free or 4 united in a shallow cup. Stamens in the male flowers 
usually as many as the petals, opposite to them, filaments free or 
united in a column, anthers 2-celled, bursting transversely, free or 
forming a ring round the peltate top of the stamina! column ; in 
the female flowers the stamens, or at least the anthers, are want- 
ing. Ovaries 3 or 1, distinct, 1 -celled, 1-ovuled ; style terminal, 
simple or 3-fid. Drupe small, the enclosed stone horse-shoe- 
shaped, grooved and ridged on the edges, variously sculptured on 
the faces, often perforate in the centre. Seed one, curved. — A 
large tropical Order. — Name from the Greek mene, the moon, and 
sperma, a seed, referring to the crescent-shaped seeds. 
Stamens free. Leaves not peltate or cordate. Flowers in 
panicles . . . . . . . . .1. Cocculus. 
Stamens united in a column. Leaves peltate or cordate. 
Glabrous. Flowers in umbels . . . . .2. Stephania. 
Pubescent or tomentose. Flowers in cymes or clustered 
in the axils of orbicular bracts . . . . . 3. Cissam.pelos. 
1. COCCULUS. From the Greek kokkos, a berry. — All warm 
regions. 
Erect or climbing shrubs or small trees. Leaves stalked, 
lanceolate or ovate, not peltate nor cordate. Flowers minute, male 
in axillary panicles or sessile clusters ; female solitary or in 
small, stalked clusters. Sepals 6. Petals 6. Male : stamens 6, 
free, anthers 4-lobed. Female : staminodes 6, ovaries 3, style 
simple. Drupe globose, about J in. diam. 
The berries known as Cocculus indicus, used to poison fish and formerly 
to adulterate malt liquors, are the fruit of an Anamirta, a tropical genus of 
this Order. 
C 
