XII. CAKYOPHYLLACEiE 
45 
breaks up irregularly. Seeds small, usually many, rarely only 
1 or 2, attached to a central column. — Cosmopolitan, but most 
abundant in the temperate and cold regions of the N. Hemisphere. 
— Name from Caryophyllus aromaticus, a tree whose dried flower- 
buds are cloves ; referring to the scent of the cultivated ‘ Clove 
pink,’ Dianthus caryophyllus . 
Sepals united in a 5-toothed calyx 
Calyx clasped at the base by imbricate bracts . . . 1 . Dianthus. 
Calyx without basal bracts. 
Styles 2. 
Calyx bell-shaped. Petals nearly white, notched . 2. Gypsophila. 
Calyx cylindric. Petals pink, margins jagged . . 3. Saponaria. 
Styles 3. 
Calyx cylindric, or ovoid and inflated. Fruit a mem- 
branous capsule ....... 
Calyx bell-shaped. Fruit fleshy, berry-like 
Styles 5. Petals fringed ...... 
Sepals free 
Leaves opposite ; stipules none. 
Petals 2-lobed. 
Petals shortly lobed. (See also Stellaria bulbosa) 
Petals deeply lobed (except S. bulbosa) 
Petals entire, sometimes none. 
Leaves flat, bases not united . . • . 
Leaves terete, bases united in a scarious sheath . 
Leaves in opposite clusters ; stipules small, scarious. 
Sepals green, obtuse. Styles 5 
Sepals shining white, acute. Style 1 
4. Silene. 
5. Cucubalus . 
6. Lychnis. 
7. Cerastium. 
8. Stellaria. 
9. Arenaria. 
10. Sagina. 
11. Spergula. 
12. Polycarpcea. 
1. DIANTHUS. From the Greek dios, divine, and anthos, a 
flower ; the flower of the gods. — N. temperate regions. 
* Dianthus angulatus, Royle ; FI. Br. Ind. i. 215. A perennial, 
glabrous herb. Stems stiff, slender, 6-12 in., nearly erect. Leaves 
linear, acute, radical 3-6 in., upper in. Flowers solitary, 
terminal. Calyx tubular, |-| in., clasped at the base by about 4 
imbricate, pointed bracts. Petals 5, pink, clawed, limb fringed. 
Stamens 10. Ovary stalked ; styles 2. Capsule opening at the 
top by 4 teeth. 
Kunawar, 7000-13,000 ft. ; June. — W. Himalaya. 
A plant of the inner dry ranges. 
2. GYPSOPHILA. From the Greek gypsos , chalk, and philo, 
I love, referring to the habitat of some species. — Northern Asia, 
Europe. 
Gypsophila cerastioides, D. Don ; FI. Br. Ind. i. 217. A peren- 
nial, pubescent herb. Stems several, 4-8 in., slender, spreading. 
Leaves obovate or spathulate, 1^ in., lower ones stalked, upper 
