46 
XII. CARY OPH YLLACEiE 
nearly sessile. Flowers numerous, small, in panicled cymes. Calyx 
bell-shaped. Petals nearly white, streaked with purple, clawed, 
Fig. 15. Gypsophiea cerastioides. 
limb slightly notched. Stamens 10. Ovary nearly sessile ; styles 
2. Capsule opening to about the middle by 4 valves. (Fig. 15.) 
Mushobra, Matiana, Narkunda ; May, June. — W. Himalaya, 6000-12,000 ft. 
3. SAPONARIA. From the Latin sapo, soap ; the leaves and 
roots of some species are boiled and used as soap. — N. Asia, 
. Europe, N. Africa. 
Saponaria Vaccaria, Linn. ; FI. Br. Ind. i. 217. An annual, 
glabrous herb. Stems erect, 1-2 ft. Leaves sessile, oblong, 
l-2JxJ-i in., acute; stem-leaves cordate, united at the base. 
Flowers in terminal, forked cymes. Calyx cylindric, J in., 
becoming ovoid in fruit, nerves 5, broad, green. Petals 5, pink, 
clawed, limb obovate, jagged. Stamens 10. Ovary nearly sessile ; 
styles 2. Capsule opening at the top by 5 teeth. 
Simla, in cornfields ; April, May. — Throughout India. — W. Europe, N. 
Africa, N. Asia. 
A weed of cultivation. 
4. SILENE. From Silenus, the attendant of Bacchus, 
referring to the viscid glands of most species. — Europe, Asia, 
N. America, S. Africa ; a very large genus. 
Annual or perennial, usually viscid, herbs. Stems often 
tufted, erect or ascending. Radical leaves stalked ; upper sessile, 
more or less united at the base. Calyx tubular or ovoid and 
inflated, usually narrowed towards the mouth. Petals 5, clawed, 
