80 
XIX. RUTACEiE 
-ffigle Marmelos Correa ; FI. Br. Ind. i. 516. A small tree, 
attaining 35 ft. in cultivation, armed with long, straight spines. 
Leaves glabrous, odd-pinnate, 2-3 in., stalks not winged ; leaflets 
3, rarely 5, ovate-lanceolate, 2-3 in., crenate, lateral ones opposite, 
nearly sessile, terminal long-stalked. Flowers 2-sexual, white, 
1J in. diam., in short panicles. Calyx 5-lobed, soon falling off. 
Petals 5, thick, oblong, much longer than the calyx, gland-dotted, 
spreading. Stamens numerous, filaments short, anthers narrow, 
very long, erect. Ovary ovoid, 10-20-celled ; style terminal, 
short, stigma capitate ; ovules many in each cell. Berry grey or 
yellow, globose, 2-5 in. diam., rind woody, cells 8-16. Seeds 
numerous, flat', oblong, woolly, embedded in orange-coloured, 
sweet, aromatic pulp. 
Valleys below Simla, often planted near villages ; May. — Throughout India, 
ascending to 4000 ft. 
The Bel tree. Wood very hard, used for naves of cart-wheels, etc. ; the pulp 
of the fruit is a valuable medicine. 
XX. SIMARUBACE^E 
A small Order of trees or shrubs growing in most tropical or sub- 
tropical regions. The characters are those of Rutaceae except 
that the leaves are not gland-dotted. — Simarouba is the Carib 
name for a tree, Simaruba amara, whose bark is used medicinally 
by the natives of S. America. 
PICRASMA. From the Greek picrasmos, bitterness, referring 
to the intensely bitter bark. — Tropical Asia, W. Indies, Brazil. 
*Picrasma quassioides, Benn. ; FI. Br. Ind. i. 520. A tall 
shrub ; all parts very bitter ; inflorescence and young parts pubes- 
cent, otherwise glabrous. Leaves alternate, odd-pinnate, 10-18 
in. ; leaflets opposite, sessile, ovate -lanceolate, 2-4 in., toothed, 
long-pointed, the lowest pair much smaller than the others. 
Flowers regular, polygamous, small, green, in axillary panicles. 
Sepals 5, imbricate, persistent. Petals 5, much longer than the 
sepals, ovate, acute, valvate, enlarged and persistent in fruit. 
Stamens 5 (none in the female flowers), as long as the petals, 
hairy at the base ; anthers 2-celled. Ovary free (none in the male 
flowers), sessile on a thick, cushion-like disk, lobed, 3-5-celled ; 
ovule 1 in each cell ; styles 3-5, free at the base and tips, cohering 
near the middle, stigmas terminal. Fruit of 1-5 nearly dry, 
black, globose, 1 -seeded drupes about J in. diam. 
Outer Himalaya, from the Chenab to Nepal, between 3000 and 5000 ft. ; 
April- June. — S. China. 
