XXXI. ROSACEiE 
1 55 
limb divided into 5, rarely 4, usually equal lobes, in some genera 
alternating with a similar number of bracteoles. Petals 5, rarely 
4, equal. Stamens usually numerous, inserted with the petals 
around the mouth of the calyx-tube, filaments free, anthers 2- 
celled. Carpels several or numerous, rarely only one, superior 
or inferior, distinct or combined into a several-celled ovary ; 
ovules 1 or 2 in each ovary or cell, rarely more ( Spircea ). Styles 
as many as the carpels or cells, usually simple and free ; stigmas 
terminal. Fruit various, the ovaries either remaining free or 
becoming combined with each other or with the calyx ; seeds 
small, 1 or 2 in each ovary or cell, rarely more. — A very large 
Order spread over nearly the whole globe, but most abundant in 
N. temperate regions. 
See remarks on p. 9 regarding the resemblance of the flowers of Eubus , 
Potenlilla, Fragaria and Geum to those of Ranunculus. 
A Carpel or carpels superior. Fruit not enclosed in the calyx-tube. 
Calyx without bracteoles. 
Carpel only one. 
Unarmed trees. Calyx falling early . . . .1. Prunus. 
Spring shrubs. Calyx persistent in fruit . . .2. Prinsepia. 
Carpels more than one. 
Unarmed shrubs. Carpels on the base of the calyx. 
Fruit of 3-5 small follicles . . . . .3. Spiraea. 
Prickly shrubs. Carpels on a conical or oblong recep- 
tacle. Fruit of numerous, small, succulent drupelets 4. Eubus. 
Calyx with 5 bracteoles alternate with its lobes. 
Fruit dry, consisting of a head of numerous, small achenes. 
Achenes hairy. Style terminal, long . . .5. Geum. 
Achenes glabrous (except P. fruticosa). Style lateral, 
very short ........ 7. Potentilla. 
Fruit succulent, consisting of the enlarged receptacle 
bearing the minute, glabrous achenes . . .6. Fragaria. 
B. Carpels superior or inferior. Fruit adnate to the calyx-tube or wholly 
enclosed within it. 
Herbs. Flowers yellow. Calyx with a ring of small, hooked 
bristles outside the mouth ...... 
Trees or shrubs. Flowers white or pink. 
Carpels free from the calyx-tube, but wholly enclosed 
within it ....... 
Carpels adnate to the calyx-tube. 
Fruit fleshy, with 2-5 parchment-like cells in the 
centre, each containing 1 or 2 seeds 
Fruit drupe-like, enclosing 2-5 bony, 1 -seeded nutlets. 
Spinous shrubs. Leaves crenate. Nutlets 5 
Unarmed shrubs. Leaves entire. Nutlets usually 2 
8. Agrimonia. 
9. Eosa. 
10. Pyrus. 
11. Crataegus. 
12. Cotoneaster. 
1. PRUNUS. The classical name of the Plum tree. — 
N. temperate regions. 
Unarmed, glabrous trees. Leaves simple, toothed, usually 
provided with a pair of glands at the base. Flowers white or 
pink. Calyx without bracteoles, free, falling off early ; tube bell- 
shaped, limb 5-lobed. Petals 5. Stamens numerous. Carpel 
