182 
XXXIII. CRASSULACEiE 
XXXIII. CRASSULACE^E 
Succulent herbs, sometimes with a woody base. Leaves 
usually fleshy, undivided or rarely lobed ; stipules none. Flowers 
2-sexual, regular, in terminal cymes or panicles, rarely axillary. 
Calyx free, persistent, 4-8-parted, tubular in Bryophyllum. Petals 
as many as the sepals, free or united for the greater part of 
their length, sometimes persistent. Stamens as many or twice 
as many as the petals, free and inserted with the petals at the 
base of the calyx or more or less adnate to the corolla ; anthers 
2 -celled, attached to the filaments at their back. Carpels as many 
as the petals, superior, distinct or nearly so, each with a small, 
flat scale at its base, 1 -celled, narrowed upwards in a slender 
style ; stigma terminal, small ; ovules many, rarely few or only 
one. Follicles distinct, each containing many or few small seeds, 
rarely only one, attached to the inner angle. — A widely diffused 
genus, rare in tropical regions and in the Southern Hemisphere. 
Stamens as many as the petals. 
Stems procumbent. Leaves opposite. Flowers minute, 
axillary ........ 
Stems erect. Leaves alternate. Flowers relatively 
conspicuous, in terminal panicles .... 
Stamens twice as many as the petals. Flowers usually 
conspicuous. 
Petals united for the greater part of their length. 
Calyx tubular, 4-toothed ..... 
Calyx 4-lobed nearly to the base 
Petals quite free. 
Calyx of 4 or 5 sepals ..... 
Calyx of 8 sepals ...... 
1. Tillcea. 
2. Grassula. 
3. Bryojphyllum. 
4. Kalanchoe. 
5. Sedum. 
6. Sempervivum. 
1. TILLiEA. In honour of M. A. Tilli, an Italian botanist of 
the seventeenth century. — A small, widely distributed genus. 
Tillaea pentandra, Boyle ; FI. Br. Ind. ii. 412. A very small, 
glabrous, annual herb ; stems usually several, slender, procum- 
bent, leafy, 2-4 in. Leaves opposite, crowded, bases united, 
narrowly lanceolate, J in., entire, acute. Flowers minute, pink or 
white, axillary, sessile, solitary or in small clusters. Calyx 4- or 
5-parted. Petals 4 or 5, nearly as long as the sepals. Stamens 
4 or 5. Carpels 4 or 5. Follicles 4 or 5, 1- or 2-seeded. 
Simla, common on rocks and old walls ; July-September. — W. Himalaya, 
3000-6000 ft. — S. India, Africa. 
• 2. CRASSULA. From the Latin crassus, thick, referring to 
the leaves. — Himalaya, one species ; Africa, abundant at the Cape 
of Good Hope. 
