216 
XLY. UMBELLIFERiE 
glabrous, lower densely pubescent, paler. Rays 10-40, up to 
6 in. long in fruit. Calyx-teeth small, linear, acute. Fruit 
pubescent, obovate, J-J x J-J in. 
Simla, Mahasu, common ; May-August. — W. Himalaya, 6000-12,000 ft. 
14. CAUCALIS. The classical name of some umbelliferous 
plant, perhaps Caucalis orientalis . — Temperate regions of the Old 
World. 
Caucalis Anthriscus, Scop. ; FI. Br. Ind. ii. 718. An annual, 
erect, roughly hairy or pubescent herb, 1-3 ft. Leaves 1- or 2- 
pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, pinnatifid ; segments entire or toothed, 
acute. Umbels compound, long-stalked. Bracts 1-5, linear, — J 
in. Rays 5-12, very unequal. Bracteoles several, linear, some- 
times longer than their umbels. Flowers pale pink, many in an 
umbel. Calyx-teeth none. Fruit ovoid, ~ in. long, covered with 
short, rough, curved and usually minutely hooked bristles. 
Simla, Mushobra ; June, July. — Temperate Himalaya, 3000-9000 ft. — 
N. Asia, N. Africa, Europe (Britain, Hedge Parsley). 
XLVI. ARALIACE^E 
Erect or climbing shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple or pinnately 
compound ; stipules none or soon falling off. Flowers numerous, 
small, regular, 2-sexual or polygamous, in simple, globose umbels, 
solitary, racemed or panicled. Bracts small, at the base of the 
flower-stalks, not involucrate, soon falling off. Calyx-tube adnate 
to the ovary ; limb 5-toothed or obsolete. Petals 5, imbricate or 
valvate in bud, reflexed in flower. Stamens 5, inserted with the 
petals on the margin of the calyx-tube. Ovary inferior, 5-celled, 
surmounted by a flat or conical disk ; styles 5, free or united ; 
stigmas terminal ; ovules solitary in each cell, pendulous. Fruit a 
small, succulent, berry -like drupe, containing 5 bony, 1 -seeded 
nuts. — Mostly tropical ; a few species in N. temperate regions. 
Erect shrubs. Leaves compound. Calyx-limb 5-toothed. Styles 
free ........... 1. Aralia. 
Climbing shrubs. Leaves simple. Calyx-limb obsolete. Styles 
united. .......... 2. Hedera. 
1. ARALIA. Origin of name unknown. — Asia, N. America. 
Aralia cachemirica, Decaisne ; FI. Br. Ind. ii. 722. An erect, 
roughly pubescent shrub, 5-10 ft. Leaves large, pinnately 
