226 
XL VIII. CAPRIFOLIACEiE 
cordate, purple-tinged. Bracteoles similar but smaller. Calyx- 
tube ovoid ; limb 5-lobed, 1 or 2 lobes much longer than the 
others. Corolla funnel-shaped, |-1 in., 5-lobed. Stamens 5. 
Ovary 5-celled ; style long, slender ; ovules numerous in each 
cell. Berry glandular-hairy, dark purple, globose, J in. diam., 
crowned with the persistent calyx-limb ; seeds numerous. 
Simla, Mahasu, in forest ; June, July. — Simla to Bhotan, 5000-10,000 ft. 
XLIX. RUBIACE^E 
Trees, shrubs or herbs of various habit. Leaves simple, opposite 
or whorled, entire ; stipules usually persistent, attached to the 
stem between the bases of the leaves, minute or absent only when 
the leaves are whorled. Inflorescence various. Flowers 2-sexual, 
usually regular and symmetric. Calyx- tube adnate to the ovary ; 
limb 4- or 5-toothed or 4- or 5-lobed, sometimes wanting. Corolla 
gamopetalous ; limb 4- or 5-lobed, usually spreading. Stamens as 
many as the corolla-lobes, inserted at the mouth or on the tube of 
the corolla ; filaments short or long ; anthers 2-celled. Ovary 
inferior, 2- or 5-celled ; style short or long, simple or branched ; 
stigma usually linear or capitate ; ovules many or solitary in each 
cell. Fruit usually capsular, rarely succulent ; seeds small or 
minute, few or many. — A very large Order, abundant in most 
tropical and subtropical regions. 
Among species of great economic importance are : — The Coffee shrub, 
Coffea arabica, a native of E. tropical Africa, now widely cultivated ; the 
Cinchona, shrubs or trees from whose bark Quinine is extracted, natives of the 
Peruvian Andes and now cultivated in India, Java and elsewhere ; Cephaelis 
Ipecacuanha, a native of Brazil, from the roots of which the drug Ipecacuanha 
is obtained ; Rubia tinctorum, indigenous in S. Europe, and cultivated in India 
and elsewhere, from whose roots the red dye, Madder, is obtained. 
A. Ovules many in each cell 
Trees or shrubs. 
Flowers small, numerous, in heads or panicles. 
Flowers in globose heads ..... 
Flowers in panicles. 
Panicle-branches spike-like, erect. Stigma 
entire ....... 
Panicle-branches spreading. Stigma 2-branched 
Flowers J in. long, solitary, axillary . 
Herbs. 
Leaves whorled. Corolla 5-lobed 
Leaves opposite. Corolla 4-lobed. 
Calyx-teeth contiguous in fruit .... 
Calyx-teeth distant in fruit. 
Leaves sessile, not more than ^ in. broad 
Leaves stalked, in. broad 
1. Stephegyne. 
2. Hymenodictyon. 
3. Wendlandia. 
8. Randia. 
5. Hedyotis. 
6. Oldenlandia. 
7. Anotis . 
