236 
XLIX. RUBIACEtE 
otherwise glabrous. Leaves in whorls of 6 to 8, bristly or 
minutely prickly especially on the margins and nerves, linear 
or narrowly lanceolate, J-l in., tip spinescent ; nerves lateral. 
Flowers red. Fruit smooth. 
Simla, common ; June-August. — Temperate Himalaya, 5000-12,000 ft. 
Habit of the British G. Mottugo. 
*6. Galium acutum, Edgew. ; FI. Br. Ind. iii. 208. Stems 
prostrate, interlaced, glabrous, shining. Leaves in whorls of 6, 
crowded, glabrous, ovate -lanceolate, less than J in., tip spinescent ; 
nerves lateral, obscure. Flowers white. Fruit smooth. 
The Chor to Sikkim, on rocks, 7000-12,000 ft. ; September, October. 
This species may have been overlooked on Huttoo. 
7. Galium cryptanthum, Hemsl. ; Hook. Icon. Plant, t. 1469 ; 
FI. Br. Ind. iii. 209, under G. verum, Scop. Stems trailing or 
ascending, softly hairy. Leaves in whorls of 4, shortly stalked, 
hairy, ovate, |-f in., acute ; basal nerves 3, prominent. Flowers 
few, yellow or white, usually produced in only the upper whorls. 
Fruit smooth. 
Narkunda ; July, August. — Kumaon to Chamba, 7000-1 1,000 ft. 
L. VALERIANACE^E 
A small Order widely diffused over nearly all temperate regions 
except Australia. 
The Spikenard of the ancients, Indian Nard of modern times, Nardostachys 
Jatamansi, belongs to this Order. It is a perennial herb inhabiting the Alpine 
Himalaya at an altitude of 11,000-15,000 ft., and is esteemed on account of 
its aroma and stimulating properties. 
VALERIANA. Origin of name uncertain. — All temperate 
regions except Australia. 
Perennial, erect herbs. Leaves opposite, undivided or pinnate, 
mostly radical or crowded near the base of the stem ; stipules 
none. Flowers numerous, 2- or 1 -sexual, the male and female 
sometimes on different plants, in. diam. or less, the smaller 
being 1 -sexual, in bracteate cymes forming a terminal corymb or 
panicle. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary ; limb at flowering time 
scarcely perceptible, unrolling afterwards in about 12 linear, hairy 
lobes. Corolla funnel-shaped ; limb 5-lobed, spreading. Stamens 
3, inserted on the corolla-tube, protruding. Ovary inferior, cells 3, 
one containing a solitary, pendulous ovule, the others empty ; 
